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The Quest For Buddhism (64)
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The Quest for Buddhism (64)
The Dhammapada – Word of Truth - Part 5 [So far]
Way to the end of suffering
When one have made the effort to experience the truth and have cut off worldly desires (kleshas), then one will be free from all bondage and reach a state of peace and tranquillity (Nirvana).
If one does good, renounces vice and experiences right knowledge, one is no longer afflicted by suffering. In order to realise that state of tranquillity, one must first and foremost start by seeing things in the right way:
“He who knows what is true to be true, and regards what is not true to be not true, will, according to right thought, at last attain to the truth.“- Buddha (Dhammapada 90)
Once one has correctly assessed things, the next step is to take the right action, and human activities can be summed up in the workings of the body, speech and mind. The purification of these three activities is the way to the end of suffering:
"He who does not do evil in body, speech and mind, but is pious in all three - I call him a ‘Brahmin’.”- Buddha (Dhammapada 391)
The term 'Brahmin’ refers to the priestly class of the ancient Indian Vedic religion at the top of the caste system, but this is not what is meant by 'Brahmin’ in the Dhammapada. Here, the term 'Brahmin’ refers to a person who is the embodiment of virtue and an ideal person.
As well as purifying physical actions, the activities of speech must also be purified and correct. Words are rather problematic because they do not appear as a form, like physical actions. Words uttered carelessly could easily hurt another person far more deeply than physical injuries.
In order for the physical functions and language to be correct, the functions of one’s own mind, which underlie both, are complex and subtle and, in practice, difficult to control:
“The mind is agitated, turmoil, hard to protect, hard to control. Those who are wise will straighten it out - just as a bowman straightens the shaft of his arrow.” - Buddha (Dhammapada 33)
The way of the Buddha is perfected through the threefold workings of the body, language and mind:
“Refrain from speech, refrain from calmness of mind, and do not do vice in your body. If you keep these three paths of conduct pure, you will conquer the Way that the hermit (Buddha) has preached.” - Buddha (Dhammapada 381)
The only way to perfect the Buddhist Way is through dedicated effort and devotion:
“It is better to live one day with firm devotion and diligence than to live a hundred years without energy and laziness.”- Buddha (Dhammapada 112)
![image](https://64.media.tumblr.com/5bc71274e6d0a77f8543db2a9ca81752/b675311a5317991e-df/s500x750/f5750bc4162639bcd05155e96b5bf9f97a074396.jpg)
仏教の探求 (64)
ダンマパダ〜真理のことば・その5(これまで)
苦の終滅への道
“すでに人生の旅路を終え、憂いをはなれ、あらゆる事柄にくつろいで、あらゆる束縛の絆をのがれた人には、悩みは存在しない。”ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 90)
努力して真理を体験し、煩悩を滅したならば、すべての束縛から脱して、安らぎの境地に到達する(涅槃寂静)。
善を行い、悪を捨て、正しい知を体験すれば、人は、もはや苦しみに悩まされることはない。その安らぎの境地を実現するためには、まず第一に、ものごとを正しく見ることから始めなくてはならない:
“まことであるものを、まことであると知り、まことでないものを、まことでないとみなす人は、正しき思いにしたがって、ついにまことに達する” ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 12)
ものごとを正しく見きわめたならば、次には正しい行動を起こすこととなるが、およそ人間の活動というものは、身体のはたらき、言葉のはたらき、心のはたらきに集約される。この三つのはたらきを清らかにすることが、苦の終滅の道である:
"身にも、言葉にも、心にも、悪いことを為さず、三つのところについてつつしんでいる人ー彼をわれは<バラモン>と呼ぶ。” ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 391)
<バラモン>とは、カースト制度の頂点に位置する古代インドヴェーダ宗教の司祭者階級のことであるが、この『ダンマパダ』のいう<バラモン>はその意味ではない。ここでは、徳を具現化する者、理想の人物をさして<バラモン>という。
身体的な行動を清らかなものとすると同時に、言葉の活動もまた、清らかに正しいものとしなければならない。言葉は、身体的な行動のように、形として現れないだけに、むしろ問題が多い。うかつに発した言葉が、他の人の身体を傷つけるより、はるかに深く傷つけているということは、起こりがちなことである。
身体のはたらき、言語のはたらきを正しくするには、その両者の根底にある自らの心のはたらきは、複雑微妙であって、実際には、なかなか制御しがたい:
"心は、動揺し、ざわめき、護り難く、制し難い。英知ある人はこれを直くするー弓矢職人が矢柄を直くするように。” ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 33)
身体、言語、心の三つのはたらきをつつしむことによって、仏の道は完成される:
"ことばを慎み、心を落ち着けて慎み、身に悪を為してはならない。これら三つの行いの路を浄くたもつならば、仙人(=仏)の説きたもうた道を克ち得るであろう。” ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 381)
仏道を完成するには、ひたむきな努力、精進あるのみである:
“怠りなまけて、気力もなく百年生きるよりは、堅固につとめ励んで一日生きる方がすぐれている。”ーブッダ(ダンマパダ 112)
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