Bestiary - Tumblr Posts

Bestiaryposting Results: Dirubael

This entry happens to be pretty clear on what the animal looks like, so there's a strong similarity between the different depictions this week -- the main difference is how each artist interprets what the hell is going on with these horns.

If you're not sure what this is about, you can find an explanation and the rest of the series so far at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The entry people are working from this week can be found here:

And if you want to join in for next week, that creature's entry can be found here:

And now, art in chronological order as it was posted:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has designed an antelope-like creature that almost passes as normal if you're just scrolling past... and then you look at it properly and see that it has horned eyestalks. That is wild and I love it. (Fencing with those horns must be a challenge since its eyes are also moving around, but I assume it's adapted for that kind of thing.) More commentary to be found in the linked post.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) went more of a rhinocerous direction, resulting in this nifty-looking creature. The thick, sturdy build here plus the tusks probably make this one pretty formidable in a fight even if it didn't have long, mobile horns. Dangerous beast. Also take a moment to admire that background, and consider clicking on the linked post for more details on inspiration & sources. (And thank you for providing alt text.)

@pomrania (link to post here) has another creative interpretation of what these mobile horns might actually be -- they're actually clusters of quills that can tense up into horn-like structures when the creature needs them. I think that's quite clever, and I really like the choice to show it fencing on the left there.

@ectocs (link to post here) has something that looks kind of like a boar and kind of like an ungulate... I'm getting "dog", too, mostly from the legs, but that might just be because that's the type of quadruped I spend the most time around. Solid Nonspecific Mammal either way. Anyway, the stand-out here is the interpretation of its mobile horns -- they're a set of mantis-like forelimbs, which happen to rest against the sides of its head to give the appearance of horns. I like this interpretation a lot. Check out the linked post for more information, sketches, and (I enjoy this) a recreation of this creature in Spore.

@citrvsdrake (link to post here) has also given us a very solid Nonspecific Mammal that's a kind of of boar / buffalo / horse blend. This one has traditional horns, but the way they are positioned communicates quite clearly that they are mobile. Fairly threatening expression, too, so let's scroll away quickly. (Welcome, Citrvsdrake!)

@wendievergreen (link to post here) notes that their interpretation has ended up going in the direction of "necromantic experiment", which... yeah, it definitely does look like that. We've got a few different animals blended together for the shape of its body, then a boar's skull with some additional spikes for the horns, and a spiky, exposed spine down its back. Honestly, if your necromancers aren't making stuff like this, what are they even doing with their time?

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has joined a general consensus of "boar-like creature with long legs like a horse", which really is a sound interpretation of the text. Traditional horns, and the linked post talks a bit about the difficulty of such an anatomical feature (as well as other things, go check it out). That's a pretty good boar's head, in my opinion. Also impressed by the fact that CheapSweets is doing this with a brush pen.

All right, to the Aberdeen Bestiary:

As I'm sure is completely obvious from this picture, this creature is the Yale.

(Unrelated to the U.S. university as far as I know -- I checked, and the university appears to be named after Iâl in Wales, while the creature's name probably comes from the Hebrew word for "ibex". Though according to Wikipedia, the university does feature some decorative yales in various places, presumably as an obscure pun in a "canting arms" sort of way.)

This is another one of those mythical creatures that didn't quite make it into the modern consciousness -- an ibex that fences with its horns is maybe a bit too low-key to compete with manticores and dragons for attention.

Also, I have to note that I think it's interesting how the medieval artist decided "jaws of a boar" didn't include tusks. The only visual indication I see here is maybe those jowls?

This was another fun week :) I've always seen it depicted blowing fire from it's behind (like the picture from the Aberdeen Bestiary, but sometimes a bit more scatalogical, but the description implies more that it the noxious gasses from its belly creeping along the ground and slowly setting things alight... (I very much appreciate that second bestiary picture - noone looks happy!)

Bestiaryposting Results: Bawigrat

This one is kind of odd in general, but also notable in that it's a mythical creature that has not, to my knowledge, made its way into modern pop culture, but is kind of on one of the upper levels of the metaphorical iceberg for people interested in Medieval Bestiary Trivia just because of its... rather memorable ability. So let's get into it.

If you don't know what this is about, you can check out https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting for an explanation and previous installments.

The art you are about to see is all based on this entry here:

And if you want to get in on this, the current entry up for interpretation is here:

(bit of a long one there)

And without further ado, art for this week is below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has given us a sort of bovine with recognizably skunk-like features. They note that they focused on giving it an appropriate pose (more details in the linked post), which I think they pulled off well -- I would absolutely believe that this creature is about to fire dung at the viewer.

@sweetlyfez (link to post here) has a shaggier bovid here, with a notably calm expression. The peace of mind that comes from knowing you have a terrifying defense mechanism? Also we see that the emphasis here is on the fiery nature of their dung-based defense, as shown by the flames at the back there. (And thank you for including alt text.)

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has done a bit of malicious compliance here. Yes, it has the head and size of a bull, the maned neck of a horse, sure, but otherwise this is clearly a giant bombardier beetle. You know what, that's fair. I like it. I also appreciate that it is, to quote Coolest-Capybara, "seen here incinerating some Stylized Plants." (And thank you for including alt text.)

@pomrania (link to post here) has a bull/horse hybrid thing for us, but notes particularly the distended belly, saying that they figure that whatever kind of internal chemistry is going on here might have externally-visible effects. They also question the "acres" thing, as it seems to imply "a creature which can basically do sniper-range attacks with its poop".

I am thrilled to tell you that it's even worse than that. The phrasing of this entry aside, an acre is technically not a measure of distance, but of area. And this isn't a modern contrivance, it's always been area: the definition of "acre" that our medieval writers would be familiar with is "the amount of land that a man can expect to plow in a single day with the help of oxen". Three acres is, according to a quick conversion on Google, 130,680 square feet / 12,140.6 square meters). So it's not a sniper-like attack, it's blanketing an entire city block (or most of one, depending on your city) in burning fumes & poop.

Implications for the fertilizer industry are, I assume, still under investigation.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) apparently decided to roll with the "three acres" thing and has drawn their Bawigrat... um.. burninating the countryside. Which is very funny to me, as a person of a certain age who grew up on the Internet, but the rest of y'all will have to Google it. Reasons for domesticating the Bawigrat may expand from agricultural to military, though that does seem like a dangerous proposition. (And thank you for including alt text.)

@wendievergreen (link to post here) also decided to go with a bombardier beetle, as the animal with the most similar defense mechanism in real life. (This one is also giant; note the banana for scale.) They've made it more unambiguously insectoid, as the "horns" are clearly antennae and the "mane" is a sort of ridged plate. I really like the stylization here and the inclusion of the alchemical symbol. For more information, and a video that shows off the glittery ink used here, check the linked post. (Also thank you for including alt text.)

On to the Aberdeen Bestiary:

Yep, that beast is sure farting fire onto some knights. If you look for other medieval images of it, this is a pretty common way to show its defense mechanism. I think my favorite is this one:

(Bibliothèque Nationale de France, lat. 3630, folio 78r)

Tell me that doesn't look exactly like the face a creature with weaponized flatulence would make.

Anyway, this is the bonnacon.

As mentioned previously, this is a mythical beast that for obvious reasons failed to really catch on in modern pop culture, but remains a favorite in Bestiary Trivia -- any Internet listicle about obscure mythical creatures is almost certain to mention the bonnacon.

Beyond that, I really don't have much to add other than reiterating that I think it would be pretty funny to include attempts to domesticate the bonnacon in your fantasy worldbuilding.

The Devoted Vaegshar

My response to this week’s BestiaryPosting challenge, from @maniculum

Pencil sketch, then lines in Sailor fude nib fountain pen, using Diamine Sepia ink. Not a lot of time or energy this week, but I tried to have some fun with it :)

Thought process under the cut…

"The Vaegshar, so called from the sound it makes, [redacted], is a shy bird, and stays all the time on mountain summits and in deserted, lonely places. It shuns the houses and society of men and keeps to the woods. Even in the winter time, when it has lost its plumage, it is said to live in the hollow trunks of trees. The Vaegshar also overlays its nest with squill leaves, in case a wolf should attack its young. For it knows that wolves usually run from leaves of this kind.

It is said that when the she-bird is widowed by the loss of her mate, she holds the name and rite of marriage in such esteem, that because her first experience of love has deceived her, cheating her with the death of her beloved, since he has become permanently unfaithful and a bitter memory, causing her more grief by his death than he gave her pleasure from his affection, for this reason she refuses to marry again, and will not relax the oaths of propriety or the contract made with the man who pleased her. She reserves her love for her dead mate alone and keeps the name of wife for him."

We have a decently long description this time, and we know it's definitely a Bird, but the rest is more a description of the behaviour than any physical description.

With all this freedoms, I was actually influenced heavily by the approach of @strixcattus and their naturalist-style descriptions; rather than taking everything in the bestiary text literally, I started thinking about what kind of appearence could have caused the writers to come up with these associations (particularly the widowed/mourning aspect).

As such, the female Vaegshar has a crest of feathers that resembles a widow's cap/mourning cap, or alternately a 'Mary Stuart cap', with a peak or heart-shape, and streamers down the sides. Is this a little anachronistic? Given that the widow's cap was Victorian, and Mary Stuary lived (and died) in the 1500s, the answer is probably yes, but I didn't have the time to research medieval mourning customs in detail, and it gave me a nice visual cue to start with.

Of course, the smaller and more flamboyant male Vaegshar has a simlar crest, only the 'streamers' are longer and stand up more. I like to think that for both of them, they can lay their crests flat or raise them for display.

The rest of the birds were largely based on the Eurasian Wren (the bird with the best scientific name, Troglodytes troglodytes), including the colouring and markings (with a little extrapolation/jazzing up, as we know from the description that these birds have breeding or nuptual plumage). They are really cool, funky little birds. Reading the description back, they are probably a little small (I doubt a nestful of wren-sized birds would provide even a fun-sized snack for a wolf)!

On a slight tangent, I am pleased to find out about a plant called 'squill'! It's either Drimia (medicinal, poisonous, so seems likely given the description) or Scilla (which is amusing given that a synonym for Drimia is Charybdis...)

I was genuinely expecting something larger, like a pheasant, mostly given that wolves like to snack on them :D

Bestiaryposting Results: Vaegshar

Sorry everyone for the delay -- a confluence of various minor events left me busy & distracted all of yesterday, and the Bestiaryposting just slipped my mind.

Anyway, we have it now! It's another bird.

For anyone who doesn't know what this is about, you can find an explanation at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting. The entry the art in this post is based on can be found here:

And the one that we're doing next is here:

Art below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has done this very evocative image of a flightless bird with pale gray feathers. The moonlight scene is, I think, very pretty in an eerie sort of way. More information can be found at the linked post.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has also got something quite evocative here, I think. Something about the tree on the hillside and the featherless bird looking out of the hollow... I dunno, I vibe with it.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) noted the lack of physical description and went with the clever idea of giving the female Vaegshar feathers that resemble an old-fashioned "widow's cap", thus explaining why people might come up with this specific lore. I like it, and it's worth checking out the additional explanation in the linked post. (Also thank you for providing alt text.)

@pomrania (link to post here) also decided the Vaegshar should have thematically appropriate markings for "mourning", so they made it goth with a pattern that resembles eye makeup. I like this. I like the goth bird.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) also had a similar thought, and patterned the feathers on their bird after Victorian mourning garb. The bird itself is also based on a mourning dove. I like it a lot, and I enjoy the halo effect.

@strixcattus (link to post here) has drawn this cute little bird, gathering what is apparently one of several plants called "squill". (I didn't look it up, but it seems Strixcattus did.) I like it; it looks quite charming. As usual, a naturalist description can be found in the linked post and I recommend reading them.

Okay, on to the Aberdeen Bestiary.

... yep, those are birds all right. I don't really know birds.

However, the text tells us they are turtledoves. Which means that the mourning-dove-inspired design is pretty close to the money -- not only is it also a dove, but American mourning doves and European turtledoves look sufficiently similar that apparently some people refer to mourning doves as "turtledoves".

So there you have it.

I don't know what the plumage bit is about, but Wikipedia tells me that turtledoves do in fact form strong pair bonds, and as a result have long been a symbol of devotion within their range. So the bestiary entry is within the zeitgeist there.

That's really all I've got to add, so I'll see y'all next week. And sorry for the delay in getting this written.

Really interesting seeing some of the similarities (and differences) in the interprestations here :)

Bestiaryposting Results: Yagstong

I almost forgot to do this two weeks in a row. Just a really hectic month over here, sorry.

Anyway, if you want to know what this is all about, you can find out at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The art below is based on this entry:

And this is the one we're doing next:

Now, art:

@mistressorinoco (link to post here) has done a delightful mix of different animals here, all of which manages to come together into a cohesive whole. See the linked post for details on which features are here and why. I also like the throat sac thing.

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has drawn a fairly striking yet realistic creature -- the mane and tusks are really working for it here. This design, like the above, is highly concerned with making the beast properly adapted to its environment, and you can find out more about that in the linked post.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has drawn some adorably goofy-looking creatures. The wideset eyes, the protruding teeth, the downright spherical juvenile there.... I love them. As usual, information on this design's influences can be found in the linked post.

@pomrania (link to post here), collaborating with @theforceisstronginthegirl, has drawn something that is a mashup of "goat", "llama", and "donkey". I particularly like the magical effects around the one tasting the dittany.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) decided to go in a very goat-like direction, and you can find an explanation of why in the linked post. Solid goat-thing there. They also speculate about dittany (I'm not sure why that keeps coming up either), and note that they hope someone else chose to draw the canonically-fat baby Yagstong -- luckily Coolest-Capybara has them covered.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has done two drawings of this one. It should be noted that in the first drawing, that box is not diegetic -- the beast's lusty nature has been censored. For details on why this design, and some interesting information on dittany, please see the linked post.

So! The Aberdeen Bestiary. We actually have two pictures of this one -- there seem to have been three originally, but one has been cut out of the manuscript.

So very obviously this is the goat, which I think multiple people clocked right away. Say one thing for this illustrator, they can draw a pretty good goat.

The missing image is from the entry for he-goat, which is bafflingly separate from the main goat entry. They're not even next to each other; "goat" is on both sides of f.14 while "he-goat" is on both sides of f.21. This is possibly to do with the fact that the Latin terms chosen are capre and hyrco -- English, to my knowledge, lacks a dedicated term for "male goat" like we have for sheep and cows (i.e., "ram" and "bull" respectively), but Latin has one. So maybe there was some confusion.

Not a lot to add here, but I do like one element of the commentary the people who digitized the Aberdeen Bestiary left: they note that the image of the goat scratching its head with its hoof has nothing to do with anything mentioned in the entry. Maybe the illustrator just saw goats do that and thought it would make a good picture?

I had way more fun than I was expecting with this one. Genuinely surprised that it wasn't a Common Starling (I was honestly a bit nervous taking so much inspiration from starlings given my suspicions, but it really gelled with the way I wanted to go with it); genuinely delightful birds.

That said, I can absolutely see it being a jay - I imagine they were a bit more common back in the day, but I've even seen them in parks in somewhat suburban areas, and it's always a real treat to spot one :)

Bestiaryposting Results: Wuggthea

Another bird! Kind of speaks for itself, let's get to it.

Anyone unsure about what these posts are should check https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

If you want to see the entry these artists are working from, it's here:

And if you want to participate in the next week's bestiaryposting, that entry is here:

Now, art:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has drawn a very naturalistic bird -- I would completely believe this was a real bird if you told me it was. The linked post explains that it has elements of both mockingbird & frogmouth, and why. I enjoy the neck & beak situation here: this is a certified Loud Bird.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) made the delightful decision to include our bestiary author in this image, noting the entry's apparent antipathy to noisy birds and gossipy men. That's the author in the window, suffering from the noise outside. (I also like the Stylized Tree.) For more about the inspiration and art references, see the linked post.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has also included someone being annoyed by the noisy birds (and alt text, thank you). I really enjoy the contrast between the Disney-princess aesthetic and the birds actually being quite annoying -- also the photobombing Wuggthea in the foreground. For more on inspiration and thought process, please see the linked post.

@pomrania (link to post here) took inspiration from the long-standing linguistics in-joke of the "wug". (Random personal fact: I have a shirt that I got free from the Linguistics department during my masters' degree that reads "Wugs Need Hugs".) I love everything about this -- the usage of IPA here is particularly clever I think. For anyone who doesn't know about the wug, it is explained in the linked post.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has given us a tree full of colorful, dramatic, presumably quite noisy birds. I really like the coloring choice here, especially knowing the reason behind it as mentioned in the linked post. Also yeah these guys look like they could make a racket. (And thank you for including alt text.)

Aberdeen Bestiary time!

... hm. Well fuck you too, unknown biblioclast.

Ashmole Bestiary time!

That is a heck of a fancy border, and a reasonably nice-looking songbird. This bird is the jay, which is indeed a noisy one, so good job there.

Fellow USAmericans may be thinking of this guy:

But of course these birds are native to North America and would be unknown to our bestiary author. They are actually writing about this guy:

I have never met a Eurasian jay, but given that its genus name is Garrulus, and the Wikipedia page I got this image from describes jays as "usually colorful and noisy," I have no doubt that it is as the bestiary author says.

I am legitimately shocked that this is not referring to cheetahs - fast, patterned beast, which historically ranged across most of Africa, Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which (at least from a European perspective) had been used in hunting by Romans and in Byzantium (so, more different Romans), not to mention the cultures of North Africa, and large parts of South and East Asia. I'm aware of some confusion between cheetahs and leopards, but not tigers... huh 🤔

I appreciate that the hunter has come prepared, not only with a fast horse and some glass globes, but also a full set of maille!

If I can find a glass/reflective sphere to roll for my cat, I will let you know the results!

Bestiaryposting Results: Ghraggal

This week's entry is kind of just an anecdote about a Thing That Happens, with not that many details about the animal. So let's see what people did with that. If you don't know what I'm talking about, you can find out at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The entry in question can be found here:

And if you want to participate in the next one, that entry can be found here:

Without further ado, art below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) notes that "ghraggal" looks kinda like "gharial" and just runs with it. I think it turned out well; those are some quality crocodilians. There's also some interesting discussion of the design in the linked post, which I recommend checking out.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) makes the very medieval-artist statement that their Default Beast is some kind of dog-thing, so in the absence of a specific description that's what we've got here. I like the direction they're going with the non-specific "markings". The additional explanation in the linked post is also recommended. (And thank you for providing alt text.)

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) explains that their design is aiming for "drawn by someone who has heard of big cats in theory, but has never encountered one", and I think they nailed it. We can also note and appreciate that in this version the baby escaped.

Aberdeen Bestiary version:

Honestly I think Coolest-Capybara kind of nailed it. That definitely is a big cat drawn by someone who's never seen one, and it's even blue.

Anyway, as I'm sure you can tell by the spots, this is a tiger.

I'm not sure what to add here. We could speculate on why anyone wants to steal tiger cubs, but honestly there's probably demand for them in royal menageries, so it kind of makes sense. I don't think the glass sphere trick would actually work though -- that kind of sounds like someone who observed that cats can mistake their own reflections for other cats and just made up a whole story about it.

You are encouraged to roll reflective spheres at your cats and report on the results. (No actual tigers, please; we do not support harassing endangered species on this blog.)

Reposting since I think this was posted just after the cutoff for entries for this week :)

Ghraggal

I went with a bird for my ghraggal because stealing an egg makes more sense to me than stealing a cub/pup/kit/etc, especially since the mama is tricked by a sphere. I modeled her on the peregrine falcon because they're the fastest creatures on earth! Wow :O

That's another one that seems very obvious in hindsight, but I suspect like many others, I struggled to stop thinking of geese!

Although they are still very rare in britain, looks like the Common Crane was native to England in the middle ages (and that bestiary illustration is actually not a bad likeness!)

Bestiaryposting Results: Nadokwak

At time of writing this, there are only a couple depictions posted, so this might be a short one -- we'll see if others pop up later tonight. Maybe this bird just isn't that artistically inspiring.

If you don't know what I'm talking about, you can find an explanation and the rest of this series at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The entry our artist are working from for this post can be found here:

And the one for the next post, if you want to participate, is here:

Now, art below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) says the description put them in mind of waterfowl, which they gave a long neck and an erect posture for the effect of vigilance. Solid waterfowl; I really like the feather pattern on the neck. For more details on the design and its inspirations, see the linked post.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has drawn this really pleasant little scene, for which they credit Tove Jansson as stylistic inspiration. (I've got to read the Moomin books at some point; those little troll critters are always on my dashboard and I know nothing about them.) Genuinely delightful. Also note that the standing Nadokwak is holding a rock in its foot to stay awake while guarding the others.

So, the Aberdeen Bestiary:

This is, as you can probably guess from the image, the crane.

I don't have much to add to this one, other than that medieval Europeans really seemed to find cranes evocative. They're not on the level of, like, lions in terms of semiotic saturation, but they come up now and then, usually in a positive light.

I kept getting a sense of deja vu about this one, and Silverhart mentioned the same -- when I went to include one of my favorite Medieval Bird Factoids I think I figured out why. A previous entry, the Blisheag, is on a quite similar bird, and I had them confused.

Said Medieval Bird Factoid is not about cranes after all, so I'm going to leave this post here I suppose.

These are all excellent creatures, and I absolutely love the variety of styles and mediums we're seeing here :D

(I had a bit of a suspicion about this one - mostly due to it being a crafty critter - and was trying hard to get the balance right between not being too influenced by that suspicion, while also not overcompensating too much either... I know there have been enough times that I was pretty sure I knew what animal a particular description related to, and I was completely off-base!)

It took me a few moments to realise that one of those generic birds had hold of the Khrathnu's tongue... Think we know which bird will be getting munched on first!

Bestiaryposting Results: Khrathnu

We've got kind of an interesting-yet-vague entry and a variety of responses to it, so let's get into that. Please forgive any sloppiness I am slightly inebriated.

For anyone who doesn't know what this is about, please see https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The entry from which our artists are working in this post can be found here:

And if you want to join in, the next entry is here:

Art below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has drawn something in the enjoyable genre I have taken to thinking of as "nonspecific mammal" -- i.e. a creature design that is clearly mammalian and entirely plausible-looking without being any specific known animal. The action shot is very well-executed I think, and I encourage the reader to check out the linked post to learn more about the inspiration for the various aspects of this animal.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has a very good rendition of some kind of canid playing dead as described in the entry -- note the single open eye to allow it to spring its trap. Again very good and quite believable -- the linked post has a few more details regarding the thought process behind this design. (And thank you for including alt text.)

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has another good Nonspecific Mammal, stylized in a way that I find interesting. I don't know enough about art to describe it, but it looks super cool, and they've also provided these nice close-ups and some alt text (thank you for that). There's some additional explanation in the linked post -- I think this one has a certain flair that I really enjoy.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has an interesting concept here where the art itself seems to give the Khrathnu the "nothing to see here" treatment -- after all, the bird (which long-term readers may recognize as a Lumchagg) is more colorful and closer to the center of the image. However, the clever Khrathnu is the true star here, luring its prey to its doom. Very good composition, check the linked post for inspiration, explanation, and an interesting link.

@strixcattus (link to post here) has done a solid weasel-like critter here, clearly playing dead in the interest of luring in some prey. In the linked post you will find a brief in-universe-perspective description of this animal, and as usual I encourage you to go back and read all of Strixcattus's posts in this project.

Okay, so this is the fox.

I feel like between the illustration and the thematic elements of the entry, this is an "oh, that makes sense" kind of situation. Of course the fox is crafty and deceitful in its methods of catching prey. And sure, the artist here got pretty close to an accurate fox depiction. It's canid at least. All good, no problems.

Things I cannot explain:

What's with the other foxes in the burrows there? Yes foxes like to live in burrows, but (a) that's not in the entry and (b) weird way to depict it.

Why is there one (1) magpie present in addition to the various generic birds of prey?

The world is full of mysteries, but please speculate at your leisure.

Ooh, had no idea about that one!

I appreciate that the bestiary illustrator didn't just draw another eagle, and we have webbed feet too!

Bestiaryposting Results: Nisegwag

Birds! Moving right along.

If you don't know what this is about, you can find out at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

The entry these artists are working from is here:

And if you want to join in next week, that entry is here:

Art below the cut:

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) says they started with a plover-like bird, but then decided it could also be part turtle since technically there's no mention of it flying. I think that turned out really well, so good call there.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) wanted to show the weather effects described in the entry, so we get a good view of the sunbeams and calm sea. I think it's a really nice beach scene, and the little hatchling is quite charming. Additional details in the linked post, and thank you for including alt text.

@strixcattus (link to post here) has given us a seabird watching its eggs, and her usual fictionalized-naturalist overview of what the creature this entry is based on might be like (in the linked post). Enjoyable, and I also really like the pose that's going on here.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has done this really lovely stylized depiction; everything about it is delightful, really. I recommend checking out the linked post to learn more.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) correctly notes that cormorants are excellent birds, and has based their design on one. I think the pose and face as it calms the sea here really works.

So, the Aberdeen Bestiary:

So this is a... maybe-mythical one, and one that's particularly interesting because of how it has and hasn't been remembered in modern culture. The story about the bird that calms the sea is pretty much completely forgotten, but preserved in a fossilized phrase -- let me share with you the un-redacted version of the last sentence of the entry:

This little bird is endowed by God with such grace that sailors know with confidence that these fourteen days will be days of fine weather and call them 'the halcyon days', in which there will be no period of stormy weather.

Yep. That's where that phrase comes from. Meet the halcyon. This whole business apparently traces back to the Greek myth of Alcyone, if you want to know more.

As for "maybe-mythical" -- the halcyon is apparently probably a kingfisher, but there's some doubt surrounding whether the ancient sources are actually referring to the same bird. I chose not to fall down that particular rabbit hole.

I was this close to going with a platypus, until I started going down a rabbit hole about mammalian evolution (seriously, monotremes are still pretty weird, but not nearly as much when you consider the whole of mammalian evolution) and decided to go for a more prehistory influence. After this many weeks, are we just in-sync with each other? 😄

Honestly, I love every single one of these!

Also, 20 cubits is about 9 meters... For context, the saltwater crocodile grows up to 6.3 meters! Deinosuchus, an extinct Cretaceous crocodillian, potentially grew up to about 10 meters, but the bestiary estimate is Very Large...! 🐊

Bestiaryposting Results: Dolthruk

More physical description than usual on this one, some of which I worry makes the creature a bit obvious, but we'll see how that plays out.

If you're not sure what any of this is about, please refer to https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

To see the entry the artists are working from, click here:

To see the one we're doing for next week, and possibly contribute your own work, click here:

Art below the cut.

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) started with a platypus, then added some other influences to make the described size work. I think it came out quite well -- that is a solid depiction of what a platypus relative might look like if it were huge and terrifying.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has also given us something quite frightening -- I don't think I'd want to get near this one. Or see it in person. The inspirations for this design are pretty interesting -- I'd recommend checking them out in the linked post. And, if that distinctively-patterned hide looks familiar to you, that is addressed in the linked post as well. (Also thank you for providing alt text.)

@citrvsdrake (link to post here) also has a quite fearsome rendition, this one almost draconic -- in their post, they mention that they originally thought of some sort of river snake, but with armor and legs this becomes more of a dragon. I think it's a good dragon, too.

@pomrania (link to post here) also started with the idea of making a large, dangerous platypus, but went in a different direction, emphasizing scales and spikes. I like the serrated bill here; that's a nice touch.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has instead drawn something adorable, noting that they decided to go in the opposite direction of what they suspected the animal was. I think it's delightful. For explanation of the inspirations for this design, and a close-up of the image, see the linked post. (Also, thank you for providing alt text -- and I think the banana thing is still funny too.)

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) brings the Beast Vibe back to "frightening" with this creation. Some fantastic work with the faces on both the Dolthruk and the fish, and of course I love the Stylized Plants... listen. Does anyone else think this looks like the cover of a really wild album? (Also, thank you for providing alt text.)

Anyway.

Aberdeen Bestiary says...

... no picture for you. It's not been cut out this time, they just didn't draw one. This section is more or less without illustrations, in fact. Maybe they considered it less important -- according to the bestiary's categorization system, this is a fish, actually. Sure, it has legs, but it lives in the water, what else do you want?

The Ashmole Bestiary, my backup illustration source, makes the same decision, but Bodley MS 764, my backup text source, does provide an illustration (and doesn't call it a fish).

Okay, so that's not a hugely realistic depiction, but it's probably not completely shocking to say that this is the crocodile.

I was surprised not to see any reference to tears in the Aberdeen entry -- the concept of "crocodile tears" is popular in the bestiaries.

The bit about color that I redacted from the entry claims that the crocodile's name comes from crocus due to its saffron-colored hide (not in evidence in the above image). I don't think this is true -- both English words can be traced back through Latin to Greek, and they certainly sound similar, but it seems crocus is probably a loanword into Greek from somewhere in the Semitic language family (hard to say which language specifically), and thus unrelated to crocodile despite their shared elements.

This is such a creative interpretation of the prompt! ❤️

This week in the Maniculum Bestiaryposting Challenge: The Olkorwae!

This creature has a very long description, but the most essential part for my depiction is the first paragraph:

It is said that they produce a shapeless fetus and that a piece of flesh is born. The mother forms the parts of the body by licking it. The shapelessness of the child is the result of its premature birth. It is born only thirty days after conception, and as a result of this rapid fertility it is born unformed. The Olkorwae's head is not strong; its greatest strength lies in its arms and loins; for this reason Olkorwaes sometimes stand upright.

And later, "The females produce tiny lumps of flesh, white in colour, with no eyes. These they shape gradually, holding them meanwhile to their breasts so that the babies are warmed by the constant embrace and draw out the spirit of life."

I have to admit that I knew which animal this is, mostly because that's the sort of "fun fact" you learn about and rarely forget. But going just from the description of the unformed, eyeless little lumps that need to be shaped, I thought of working with clay. Also, apart from being a bit bottom-heavy, there is not a lot of physical detail to go on. So maybe the actual physical appearance of an individual Olkorwae is less predetermined and more based on the artistic inclination, patience and personal style of their mother?

That bestiary illustration is as metal as it is inaccurate to the description (I'll assume the illustrator was just having fun with it!)

I really like the variety of interpretations we've got this time round; insects, crustacean/xiphosurans, snakes, different fishies... love all of these! This was one of my favourites to draw too :)

Bestiaryposting Results: Nirmosho

Today's is interesting in that it's notably vague about what kind of creature this is, other than "lives in the river" and "smaller than a crocodile". (Convenient that the crocodile was so recent, now that I think of it.)

It should also be noted that this is our very last entry on an individual animal -- as we're winding down, our final half-dozen Bestiaryposts are going to be collections of multiple entries, mostly ones that I felt were too short or too obvious to give their own post. Artists should feel free to pick & choose which to draw, or do a group shot, or however they like.

If you don't know what this is about, you can learn at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

To see the entry the art is based on this week, click this link:

To see the entry for next week and potentially participate, click this one:

Now, let's see what people came up with.

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has drawn this very charming little beastie that is not unlike a horseshoe crab, just less flat. I really like this overall, but I'd like to highlight the tiny little eyes, the detail on the mouthparts, and the nifty fin-thing on its back.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) correctly observes that she's already drawn this one -- this is indeed the "certain kind of fish" mentioned in the Dolthruk entry, which she included in that illustration. However, in light of addition details, they have revised their design to create a fish that's capable of being mobile on land, basing it heavily on the mudskipper. Here we see an excellent image of two having a dispute in muddy water -- I particularly love the rendering of the fins and think the background works well here. (Also thank you for providing alt text.)

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has drawn this really nice fish inspired by various prehistoric species -- to me, it genuinely looks like this drawing would fit right into a series of illustrations in a paleontological text. To me, it's giving coelacanth, but that may be mostly because that's the only lobe-finned fish I recognize. I also like the little fang at the front. (And thank you for including alt text.)

@strixcattus (link to post here) has drawn this rather polite-looking snake, noting that the description provided lines up quite well with it being some sort of snake. As usual, the gold is in the naturalist-style description they've provided in the linked post -- in this case, I think it fits right in with any given article about unusual animal life cycles & behaviors. Weird, but not implausibly weird.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) is depicting, in their usual aesthetically pleasing stylized form, an insect life cycle. I like the idea of it being an insect, which does fit the description, I like the thought put into this crocodile-centric life cycle, and again I really like the vibe of the artwork here. See the linked post for more detail on the life cycle being depicted, and close-ups of the individual details of this drawing.

Now to see what the Aberdeen Bestiary has to say:

... yeah, that is neither a crocodile nor a fish.

The beast being killed here looks more like a medieval hyena than anything -- people who have read these posts from the beginning may find that spiny back familiar. And the creature killing it, which this entry is ostensibly describing, is dead-on identical to the standard-issue Medieval Wyvern Thing that you see in a lot of different manuscripts.

Anyway, as I'm certain nobody guessed from that illustration, we're going out with a bang on the world-famous... Ydrus.

If you've never heard of it, you're not alone. It isn't real, and is one of those imaginary beasts that never quite caught on. As far as I know, it pretty much only shows up in bestiaries -- occasionally it gets confused with the Hydra, but I don't think they were originally intended to be the same, similar names aside.

And now you know.

seriously i don't think the illustrator was making a lot of effort to fit the description

Thanks Mac, and I feel like we all had a lot of fun with this one, particularly with the Hreakgleav and a couple of others!

A lot of these track really well (I absolutely love the description of the Klethghrom/peacock), although I feel the author might be being overly charitable about the Burngraega/Swan's song (I assume this ties in with the old fable about swans singing sweetly before they die?)

Couple of extra takeaways;

The Hrongnewit / kite was an interesting one, a ubiquitous scavenger in the middle ages in Britain (think a cross between seagulls and pigeons, but a lot faster), now fortunately making a comeback (I actually saw one a couple of weeks ago!). They're not that small, but maybe the 'puny' refers to its spirit (compared to some of the other bold and glorious birds of prey we've come across in our bestiary odyssey)? Regretfully, the use of the term 'shite-hawk' in the middle ages appears to be apocryphal...

There's also the Lokfotreag / Hoopoe (at least they got the colour right!). I wanted to give something a hoopoe-like crest here, but I wasn't expecting this descrption to be for that particular bird...

I've started feeling a little defensive of the hoopoe, to be honest - 'the filthiest of birds', associated with demons and black magic. They're just little guys! With cool crests and rad orange plumage and an awesome 'upupu' call...

Then I did a little bit of research and found out that they are violent birds with oil glands that stink like rotting meat, the chicks can direct streams of excrement towards predators, live in a dirty nest and regularly practice cannibalism on one another...

Fair enough then... 😐

Bestiaryposting Results: Miscellaneous Birds

So! This is the first in our six-week wind-down of Bestiaryposting, where we run through the Honorable Mentions that appear in the Aberdeen Bestiary but didn't get their own post here because the author of the Bestiary and I have different goals.

If you don't know what any of that means, you can find out at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

To see the entry our artists are working from, click here:

To see the entry people are drawing now, so that you can potentially join in, click here:

Art is below the cut, in roughly chronological order.

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) decided to do Literally All of the birds. I am fascinated by the detail here; I particularly like the pose on the Hreakgleav, and the feathers on the Klethghrom. I would direct anyone trying to figure out which is which to the linked post, which contains a key and brief descriptions of each.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has also given us a tree full of birds. The explanation in the linked post of which is which and what they were inspired by is illuminating (pun not intended), so check that out. I especially enjoy the interpretations of the Klethghrom and the Lokfotreag. (And thank you for providing alt text.)

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has drawn three of the birds in their always-charming style. For explanations, close-ups, and individual treatments of each, please see the linked post. I really like the tail on the Hreakgleav and the... frankly insane look of the Klethghrom. (Also thank you for providing alt text.)

All right, we're going to identify these rapid-fire because there are a bunch of them and I'm not going to hand you a whole-ass essay here. Readers are encouraged to add their own commentary.

Tluftasong

The manuscript identifies this one as "night owl", but I've seen other sources refer to this entry as the "night heron". I'll leave that one to people who know birds more.

Lokfotreag

This is the hoopoe. Which, as listeners to the podcast know, you can trade to demons for perpetual access to great parties. The illustration is very cool, and seems to show the young birds rejuvenating their aging parent.

Hurrashbeg

Really love the Stylized Plant, of course. One of the things that really strikes me about medieval manuscript art is how particular things that Definitely Don't Exist keep cropping up in different manuscripts, looking pretty much the same. Like, unless this is by the same artist who did the Rutland Psalter, it shows an interestingly consistent artistic tradition -- I swear that's the exact same plant, and in a couple other places in the manuscript they have the exact same wyvern.

Anyway, those are clearly magpies. I don't know why they're being shot at.

Konchilkuk

This one didn't get an illustration, but it's the woodpecker.

Wobrahfmet

Yep, that sure is a raven. They actually have a really long entry, but it's mostly about what they symbolize.

Hrongnewit

This one is the kite. Yeah, that looks pretty believable.

Klomurgrae

This is... apparently the ibis. Also, from the context of the entry, I think it's intended to be standing on a snake. Neither of those look like the things they are supposed to be.

Zagsmenrok

This is the blackbird. I have no explanation for why it's brown. The illustrator clearly has access to black ink.

Hreakgleav

Yep, that's very clearly an owl.

Wahrembeag

It tickles me that these are right next to each other, because there's a moderately-well-known Middle English poem called "the Owl and the Nightingale". This is pure coincidence; they're not together in the bestiary, there are a few birds in between.

Oh yeah, this is the Nightingale.

Sarbrufeat

This is the heron. The illustration seems broadly correct, but do herons come in white? That's an egret, surely.

Keltrumram

This is the coot -- doesn't look like one to me, but maybe the artist and I are familiar with different species of coot. Readers may recall its cameo in the Eagle entry; its own is unfortunately rather shorter.

Grozfarwat

Meet the quail. I was initially confused, but apparently the plume thing I associate with quails is not actually common to all species of quail. So... yeah, good quail.

Mortelgeng

Very definitely a crow.

Burngraega

Also very identifiable, here's the swan. Head and beak seem a bit flatter and wider than I would expect, though.

Klethghrom

This was basically the poster child for "too obvious to get its own entry". Here's the peacock.

And that's it for this week, it's late. Talk amongst yourselves, or tell me what you think about all these birds.

That is an excellent lizard! A bit jealous, I've only ever seen one lizard in the UK (still yet to see a slow worm 🙁 ), pretty sure that was on a beach near Lyme Regis, many many years ago...

Love the hrutdearya peeking out at the sun from its home!

Bestiaryposting Results: Miscellaneous Lizards

Slightly delayed, sorry. What happened there is I drafted it, looked at the time, thought I should give it a couple more hours to make sure everyone had time to post their stuff, and then... forgot to go back. Anyway.

Our second week of miscellany, where we have a bunch of the critters who didn't get their own entry grouped together. This one is the shortest, with just three lizards to look at.

If none of that made sense to you, you can find answers at https://maniculum.tumblr.com/bestiaryposting.

To see the entries for the three lizards in question, click here:

And to see next week's miscellany so you can participate, click here:

Without further ado -- and crossing our fingers that the tagging system is cooperating this time -- here are some lizards below the cut.

@coolest-capybara (link to post here) has drawn all three, along with a bonus... well, the post says it's a scorpion, but I thought those looked different... anyway. The smaller lizards are darling, and I think the celestial look of the Rukhgarukh came off really well here. (And thank you for providing alt text.)

@silverhart-makes-art (link to post here) has done some quality pencil sketches that also led me to learn cool things about the tuatara. I think the Nglushogog turned out particularly well here; the draconic vibe is interesting.

@cheapsweets (link to post here) has done a pencil sketch of the three -- I like the Nglushogog again here. The whole "lizard with the face of a frog" thing is honestly turning out more interesting than I expected. And hey -- in the bottom right -- what is that? Looks a bit like a scorpion to me.

@strixcattus (link to post here) has drawn some interestingly varied lizards, and included some nice lettering for us. I think this is the first one where the Hrutdearya really stands out to me -- it just looks so small & cute. As always, I recommend reading the linked post for Strixcattus's work, as she writes naturalistic descriptions to go with the illustrations -- I think the one for the Nglushogog is clever, and also hits pretty close to the mark in one particular way... we'll get to that.

@wendievergreen (link to post here) has drawn some very realistic-looking lizards by doing mashups between various Oregonian species. All extremely solid, in my opinion; I especially like the coloring on the Rukhgarukh. Also the exclamation point over the "scorpion" is a nice touch. More details in the linked post (and thank you for providing alt text).

So! Aberdeen bestiary.

This is actually just the illustration for Lizard. Which... I guess? Come on, monks, surely you've seen a lizard, what are you doing here? Why does it have that face?

Nglushogog

The Nglushogog gets no illustration of its own -- that single sentence describing it occurs in the intro to the brief "lizards" section. However, I can tell you that it is the botruca or botrax. (The entry uses both -- it mentions the "botrax" in a list of lizards at the start, then notes that the "botruca" is called that because it has a face like a frog.) This is not particularly helpful, however, because that is not a real lizard. The Medieval Bestiary website provides a little more information on it at this link here, and suggests that this was actually originally just the entry for a frog (or toad). This theory is supported by the fact that, according to the Aberdeen Bestiary, it is named after the Greek word for "frog". Which... close enough; Wiktionary tells me that Ancient Greek* for "frog" is batrakhos, and that seems plausible to me because we have the English word batrachian. (Even though Tumblr thinks we don't and has red-underlined it.) So probably somehow** "frog" turned into "frog-like lizard that has the same name as a frog".

*I'm specifically using the Ancient Greek forms here because I'm pretty sure those are the ones our authors would be most familiar with unless they happened to be writing from the Eastern Mediterranean.

** Looks like it might have been Isidore of Seville's fault, which... shocker. Or at least, he's the earliest source bestiary.ca has listed for that entry, and we know that he's where the Aberdeen Bestiary gets its etymological trivia, so it seems likely that he did that.

Hrutdearya

This is a very interestingly-stylized interpretation of "looking through a crack in a wall". Who built that little archway, and does it actually help with the sun-gazing?

Anyhow, this is the saura, which... well, I can't say it's not a real lizard, but it's also clearly the result of a misunderstanding. As we all know from (I assume) reading about dinosaurs, saura is just Ancient Greek for "lizard". So probably this was originally supposed to describe something all lizards do, and this bestiary turned it into a specific type of lizard.

Rukhgarukh

This one, as you can tell by it looking absolutely nothing like it, is a newt. It has stars on it because the Latin for "newt" is apparently stellio. It's possible that the artist did not realize it was supposed to be a newt. It's possible it wasn't supposed to be a newt originally, but I don't have time to look into that right now.

Anyway, that's lizards. Tune in next week for some snakes, a category to which the above legless critter apparently does not belong.

Text:

The grave robber is a creature that is not dangerous in itself. Even when attacked they rarely fight humans.It is a common restless spirit in the eastern parts that is still trapped in its (dead) body. This spirit is looking for a place to rest - a grave of its own.

To achieve this they usually break into cemeteries or other burial places and attempt to take another's grave. This makes them immensely dangerous to have roaming the countryside since their search unavoidably unleashes other undead spirits who could be decidedly more harmful.

The font is called Herman Decanus and was created by Andreas Höfeld.

sky

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