he/him | I post random stuff, whatever has to do with my hyperfixations | Current hyperfixations: mycology and marine biology.
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Hello! Thank You For The Boop Help (and Sorry For My Boop Spam On My End!) I Was Wondering, How Do You
Hello! Thank you for the Boop help (and sorry for my Boop spam on my end!) I was wondering, how do you get the black paw badge?
Hiyaa!
Np:) Thank you also for the boops!
You can get the black paw badge by giving 1000 boops. Hope this helps:)
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More Posts from Theprinceofmycologia
Thank you for helping me reach 1k boops :)
Ahww, no problem:)) Thank youu for helping me:)
MAXED OUT ON BOOPS!!!🐾
LET'S GOOOOOOOO
APRIL 1ST, A DAY THAT WILL BE KNOWN IN HISTORY AS 🐾🐱THE BOOPING DAY🐱🐾
THANKS FOR ALL THE BOOPS
Devil's tooth - Hydnellum peckii
This post will specifically discuss the 'blood' or red liquid that Hydnellum peckii leaks.
While the adult fungus has a beige colour, the younger has a white colour and ''bleeds'' from its pores.
The red liquid the young Devil's tooth leaks is much alike to sap, caused by guttation*. When the soil surrounding the mycelium becomes very moist, it can force water into the mycelium's roots through the process of osmosis. The buildup of moisture creates a pressure within the fungus. Which, when high enough, forces the liquid to the surface of the fungi, causing it to ''bleed''. The liquid appears red thanks to the pigments found within the fungus.¹
The red liquid is actually called ''extracellular fluid''. It is thought to be a defensive mechanism of thd fungus with the goal to keep it from getting eaten by animals, or, attracting insects to help spread its spores.²
Chemical properties and medical applications
The red sap contains a chemical compound called atromentin, which has anticoagulant properties and is commonly used to help prevent blood clots from forming. The pigment-producing compound found in several fungi species, atromenin also acts as a smooth muscle stimulant and has antibacterial and antineoplastic (anticancer) properties.³
The Devil's tooth image:
Information sources:
1.
2.
https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php/Hydnellum_peckii
3.
https://soil.evs.buffalo.edu/index.php/Hydnellum_peckii
More about atromentin (C18H12O6):
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Notes:
* high root pressure
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@squidsandthings hiiya, I just did some research on the red liquid the Devil's tooth bleeds. If it interests you, you can read this post. I also added some links for further research.
@flamingears hiii, this might interest you too. I thought you mentioned liking mycology:)
Alternia solani
Alternia solani is a fungal pathogen that produces a disease in various memebers of the Solanum genus called early blight.¹
Host plants
Host plants include various members of the Solanum genus. Such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), aubergine (Solanum melongena), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and other pepper species (Capsicum spp.).²
Symptoms
The symptoms of early blight will vary depending on the host and plant tissue.²
Foliar symptoms are dark brown ranging to black necrosis. The first symptoms often appear on the older leaves as small, dark, necrotic lesions, a few millimetres in diameter, which increase in size. The lesions are sometimes restricted by leaf veins and will take on an angular shape. Within larger lesions, concentric rings (so called bullseye) can be seen, usually surrounded by a chlorotic, yellowing zone. The chlorosis can extend to the whole infected leaf. The infected lesions enlarge and the whole leaf becomes necrotic which results in premature defoliation.²
With tomato plants, the premature defoliation can cause injury to the fruits due to sunscald.²
"Bullseye" patterned leaf lesion of Alternaria solani on a tomato plant¹
On tomato, Alternia solani can cause symptoms on the stem. Dark and sunken lesions can appear on the stems of seedlings, called collar rot. The infected seedling shows reduced plant vigour or can die when the stem is completely girdled by the lesion. The main stem of adult tomato plants can also be infected, showing small, slightly sunken lesions. As on the leaves, typical concentric rings are visible on the infected stem.²
On green or ripe tomato fruits, dark lesions can occur at the end of the stem. Ripe fruits are less susceptible than semi-ripe ones. Heavily infected fruits will drop prematurely. On less resistant cultivars, the calyx and blossom also can be infected and show comparable symptoms.²
Stem lesion of Alternaria solani on a potato plant¹
The symptoms on potato tubers are dark, slightly sunken lesions (dry rot). The dry or hard rot of tubers causes storage losses, reduces the quality of table potatoes, and reduces the germination capacity of seed potatoes.²
Disease cycle
Alternaria solani has a polycyclic life cycle and reproduces asexually by means of conidia (spores).¹
A. solani is a necrotrophic pathogen: it kills the host tissue using cell wall degrading enzymes and toxins and feeds on the dead plant cell material.¹
The life cycle starts with the fungus overwintering in crop residues or wild members of the family Solanaceae. In the spring, conidia are produced. Multicellular conidia are splashed by water or by wind onto an uninfected plant. The conidia infect the plant by entering through stromata, small wounds, or direct penetration. Infections usually start on older leaves close to the ground. The fungus takes time to grow and eventually forms a lesion. From this lesion, more conidia are created and released. These conidia infect other plants or other parts of the same plant within the same growing season. Every part of the plant can be infected and form lesions. This is especially important when fruit or tubers are infected as they can be used to spread the disease.¹
Distribution and environment
Distribution of Alternia solani ²
Alternaria solani spores are universally present in fields where host plants have been grown.¹
Free water is required for the spores to germinate; spores will be unable to infect a perfectly dry leaf. Alternaria spores germinate within 2 hours over a wide range of temperatures but at 26.6–29.4 °C (79.9–84.9 °F) may only take half an hour. Another 3 to 12 hours are required for the fungus to penetrate the plant depending on temperature. After penetration, lesions may form within 2 to 3 days or the infection can remain dormant awaiting proper conditions. Alternaria sporulates best at about 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) when abundant moisture (as provided by rain, mist, fog, dew, irrigation, etc.) is present. Infections are most prevalent on poorly nourished or otherwise stressed plants.¹
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References
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2.
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Mutuals:
@squidsandthings
@fungus-gnats
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn
Small staghorn - Calocera cornea
This post will discuss the small staghorn or the Calocera cornea. It is important to note that the description paragraph at the top of this post is a more generalised description, other paragraphs will go into more detail.
Description
Calocera cornea can be found on the deadwood of deciduous broadleaf hardwood trees, especially oaks, after heavy rains. On this deadwood it emerges in groups of smooth and cylindric fruiting bodies with rounded-off, or sometimes sharper tips.¹
While this fungus looks more like a club fungus than a jelly fungus, it is in fact a jelly fungus. This fungus namely has more gelatinous flesh instead of it being brittle. Additionally, microscopic examination shows this fungus to have Y-shaped basidia that charachterise members of the Dacrymycetales - a large class within the jelly fungi. ²
Fruitbody, spores and microscopic features.
The small staghorn can be found clustered in non-merging groups.² This fungus has a cylindric fruiting body with a rounded or sharpened apex (tip), which occasionally is shallowly forked. It grows about 2 - 18 mm high and 1 to 2 mm thick. The surface of the body is bald and greasy¹, firm but gelatinous.² Its coloration ranges from orange to orangish yellow, depending on weather circumstances and age. In drier weather the fruiting body will turn more orange and with age the apex will shrivel and get an orangish brown hue. This fungus has white mycelium.¹
Calocera cornea's smooth spores are ellipsoidal to sausage-shaped and about 7-10 x 2.5-4um in size. The spores are hyaline and inamyloid (clear and not changing colour with Melzer's reagent). When fully mature, they will often become 1-septate (developing a single cross wall), like seen in the picture on the left below. The basidia are Y-shaped or two-spored, visible in the picture on the right below.²
Ecology and biological role
This species is saprobic, growing scattered to clustered on the deadwood of decidious broadleaf hardwoods. They are mostly found on sticks up to five cm in diameter.¹
The species is saprobic, meaning that it feeds on dead or decaying organic matter. The small staghorn grows on deadwood, making its biological role to decompose wood.³
Distribution
The small staghorn is widely distributed in Europe (it is quite common in Britain and Ireland²), North America, Central America, South America, Asia, and Oceania.¹
Season
The small staghorn fruits through most of the year in moist maritime climates (in Europe), but can mostly found during the autumn.
Similar species
Similar species include Calocera furcata, Calocera viscosa, Calocera pallidospathula and some of the Ramaria species.
Calocera furcata (seen on the first row on the right below) grows on conifer wood. Its spores septate three times, while the spores of Calocera cornea have one septum. ¹
Calocera viscosa (seen on the first row on the left below) is much larger, up to 8 cm tall, with orange fruiting bodies that are usually branched two or three times. It clusters, i, usually on moss-covered, buried conifer wood. ¹
Calocera pallidospathula (seen on the second row below) is initially translucent white, and only its tips become yellowish with age. ²
Calocera cornea might also be confused with some of the Ramaria (seen on the third row below) species of coral fungi, but its greasy surface and rubbery texture are distinguishing features. ²
Sources & references:
Calocera cornea:
Microscopic features images:
Calocera furcata:
Calocera viscosa:
Calocera pallidospathula:
Ramaria species:
Text sources:
1.
2.
3.
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Mutuals:
Hiyaaaa, I've got another mycology info dump:)
@plants-and-thingz
@squidsandthings
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
Btw, if anyone wants me to go into more detail about this species, just leave a comment and I'll do some research and post about it:)
You can also leave a comment, if you want to be tagged in mycology posts:)