Let's Go Visit It. Who's With Me?

Let's go visit it. Who's with me?

JWST Looks Towards the Most Distant Star Ever Seen

JWST was designed to look towards the early universe, and there we see countless galaxies, but individual stars are usually far too faint to really be able to separate from all the other stars around them. Even galaxies fairly close to us can be a huge technical challenge to zoom in to the point of being able to see individual stars, and when you consider the closest star (not counting our sun) isn't even visible in the night sky to the naked eye at 4.24 light years, when we're talking millions even billions of light years, just seeing the galaxies is a miracle within itself.

That was until Hubble picked out Earendel, an actual individual star gravitationally lensed across 12.9 billion light years.

What was exciting about this was that this star was in existence within the first billion years of the universe, so maybe it was a population III star, one of the original stars theorised to have populated that early universe. The problem for Hubble was, being an optical telescope, it couldn't see all of the wavelength data coming from the star, only that which had become visible after being red shifted.

Now, JWST has also done the same, and it has the data to see what kind of star this is, and interestingly it's a blue B type star, much more massive than our Sun, but similar to the kind of stars most visible in open clusters, and born today in our own galaxy.

What's more, JWST also detected red light, potentially pointing at a companion star, which wouldn't be too surprising given most B type stars are binary in nature.

While this star doesn't appear to be a Population III star, it is evidence that we can pick out light from some of the earliest stars in our universe, and expectations are that it's only a matter of time before such a star is detected.

Source:

Space.com

Earendel revealed: James Webb Space Telescope lifts veil on the most distant star known in the universe

Earendel is about twice as hot as the sun, and it probably has a stellar companion.

It is sad, yes. All things fade, even the greatest things. The sky itself, around us, here.

But it's wonderful to me that we have it now, we can see it now, and we can study how it came to be.

And considering our lifespans, if we ever visit across it, it'll probably still exist.

Laniakea - The Supercluster of Galaxies🌌

Or: the infodump I'm writing to prevent myself from feeling upset.

Earth is part of our solar system, that is part of our home galaxy called Miky Way, which is part of a 'local group' of galaxies, which itself is part of a bigger group of galaxies called the Virgo cluster.

But the Virgo cluster itself is just one of a large number of galaxy clusters, themselves collections of hundreds to thousands of large galaxies which have been mapped out in the nearby Universe: the Virgo cluster, with the Centaurus cluster, the Great Attractor, the Norma Cluster & many others!

Together, they make up a much larger structure & if you sum up every galaxy in it, it is fully anticipated that the total number should exceed 100,000.

This is the collection of matter that is called beautifully after the hawaiian word which means 'immense heaven'

✨️Laniakea✨️

But let's start with the beginning, shan't we?

The Big Bang happened roughly 13.8 billion years ago & in the early stage of all that matter, antimatter, radiation, fields, etcetera, there wasn't a uniform sea of these energetic quanta.

Instead, there were tiny imperfections ⁠- at about the 0.003% level, which is VERY VERY SMALL- on all scales, where some regions had slightly more or slightly less matter-and-energy than average.

In each one of these regions, a great cosmic race ensued. The race was between two competing phenomena:

The EXPANSION, which works to drive all the matter & energy apart

The GRAVITATION, which works to pull all forms of energy together & causes massive material to clump & cluster together

With both normal matter & dark matter populating our Universe - but not in sufficient quantities to cause the entire Universe to recollapse (IMPERFECTIONS saved us!) ⁠- the first star formations happened & then star clusters, with the first ones appearing less than 200 million years after the Big Bang.

Over the next few hundred million years, structure began to appear on even larger larger scales, with the first galaxies forming, star clusters merging together, & even galaxies growing to attract matter from the lower-density regions nearby.

As time went on & on, galaxies gravitated together to form the Universe’s first galaxy clusters. With up to thousands of Milky Way-sized galaxies in them, massive mergers form giant elliptical behemoths at the cores of these clusters!

On even larger spatial scales & even longer timescales, the cosmic web began to take shape, with filaments of dark matter tracing out a series of interconnecting lines.

Dark matter drives the gravitational growth of the Universe, while normal matter interacts through forces other than gravity as well, leading to the formation of gas clumps, new stars & even new galaxies on long enough timescales.

Meanwhile, the space between the filaments, the so-called underdense regions of the Universe, give up their matter to the surrounding structures, becoming great cosmic voids.

Galaxies dot these filaments & fall into the larger cosmic structures where multiple filaments intersect.

On long enough timescales, the most spectacular nexuses of matter even began attracting one another, causing galaxy groups & clusters to begin forming even larger structures:

💫Galactic Superclusters💫

For me, it's a beautiful & a very comforting idea that represents structures on scales larger than a visual inspection would reveal.

But there’s a problem with Laniakea in particular & with superclusters in general: these are not real, bound structures, but only apparent structures that are currently in the process of dissolving away entirely.

There isn't just this "race" between an initial expansion & the counteracting gravitational force caused by matter & radiation.

In addition, there’s also a positive form of energy: dark energy. It causes the recession of distant galaxies to speed up as time goes on & gets more relevant the bigger the scale gets from which you look at it.

If there were no dark energy, Laniakea would most certainly be real.

Over time, its galaxies and clusters would all mutually mutually attract, leading to an enormous grouping of 100,000+ galaxies!

Unfortunately, dark energy became the dominant factor in our Universe’s evolution approximately 6 billion years ago & the various components of the Laniakea supercluster are already accelerating away from one another.

Billions of years from now, Laniakea will be torn apart by the Universe’s expansion, forever adrift as lonesome islands in the great cosmic ocean.

A bit sad, huh?

Thanks for reading, have an... air hug? Or a cookie. Let's stay with the cookie. 🍪

Please have this WONDERFUL visual of Laniakea:

Found on Pinterest.

If you really read all that - Wow. I wouldn't have thought that.

You have my honest appreciation.

💜✨️💜

Knives in both hands

One thing that I think is really missing from the Lirin Discourse (from all directions!) is that Kaladin absolutely did want to be a surgeon. He genuinely wanted it. There were times where he wanted to be a soldier more, but by the time the recruiters came he had decided that he wouldn't join the army after all! In fact, the tragedy of the whole thing is that Roshone's cruelty forced Kaladin into a path he didn't want anymore.

You had had a plan, once. You figured if you acted impressive enough, got powerful enough, no one would stop you. And it worked quite well for a while. People cowed at your reputation, your grandeaur. Eventually, though, some hero had come in, convinced they could defeat you, and you realized they actually could. So you put up a good fight, whispered some cryptic final words, and vanished away, leaving nothing but dust.

You'd ended up in a small farming down, covered in dust and dirt, though with all your past equipment. The first person you talked to was kind, and you returned the gesture. This felt a lot better than them cowering in fear.

Your time there continued with that pattern. You made friends. Repaid kindness with kindness. You farmed. You wed. You had children. You truly enjoyed your time.

One day you stood outside, tending your field. You could see a dust cloud in the air, coming closer. Odd. At its head were soldiers, clad in shining metal, glowing with light. You wiped the sweat from your brow, then wiped that hand on on the coarse brown pants you wore. Well, it couldn't hurt to see what was coming.

It appeared that it could, you thought, as the tallest figure slammed you into the wall of your hut. They glared at you through the slits in their helm. You recognized those eyes. That voice.

"You will pay tribute. Understood?" Their voice was a growl. The last time you had heard it, it was desperate. Hopeful, but afraid. Now it was angry. But you did not think they recognized you.

"The tribute. The one of souls?"

"Yes! You don't seem to understand, farmer. The demon kind is still out there. They must be stopped. They must be found. And I can only do so with this tribute. Do you want to see this land be wasted, all your crops destroyed? Sacrifices must be made."

You glanced over at your spouse. Your children. This shack. Out the window to your farm.

You could not give them up. The irony alone made it useless. Give them up for this fool to find you, right where you stood? You laughed.

"Why are you laughing! Fine. I'll simply take them then." The hero let you go, and turned towards their soldiers. You stood up, wiggling your hands behind your bag. Remembering those spells agains. Summoning your armor. Your weapons. The treasures you'd amassed, though never used. Always to impress. You needed to work quickly. For your families sake, now.

Within moments, it was done. They had turned away from you, and your spouse, running, caught your eye. They gasped. You'd told them the truth, though never shown them. The soldiers turned. The hero turned, and froze.

"I don't think you're going to need that tribute, fool." You raised the dark blade, etched with pain and weaping shadow, towards the silver armored figure. "You see, I never got to try this on you last time. I've heard it strikes with the vengeance of all damned souls. Well, I thank you for making it that much more effective."

The hero gasped, stepping back, and you grinned. "I didn't have a reason to fight last time. I thought fear would get me through. But it seems as though it wasn't enough. No matter. You've gotten me to want to fight now, I'm impressed. Let's see how strong you really are."

You were once the demon king. “Defeated” by the hero, you went into hiding to pursue a simpler life. Today the “hero” has appeared, threatening you family to pay tribute, not realizing who you actually are. Today you show them what happens when you have something worth fighting to protect.

It was made by those who were dead

01/07/3309 The Pleiades

The way is shut.

That's really good! Wonderful art.

Properly punchable, if I do say so myself

I tried to depict Kelsier's "Hawkish features", tell me what you think! by Barthollamew