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Truth Behind Fat: References
[Original post found here. All content following is authored by the maker of Big Liberty, the source blog.]
DISCLAIMER: This links list is always in the works, and is not comprehensive or complete. If evidence is not listed, it doesn’t mean it does not exist. If you have any links to add, please insert them in relevant comments and they will be reviewed.
For a general resource on debunking the junk science behind obesity, please see:
Linda Bacon’s resources and blog
Sandy Szwarc’s blog, Junkfood Science
Michelle’s blog, The Fat Nutritionist
ASDAH’s article repository
Debunking Fat Hate and Misconceptions
Doesn’t Obesity Kill?
Obesity does not kill 400,000 Americans a year (in fact, it ‘contributes’ to fewer than 30,000).
Fit Over 60s Live Longer Regardless of Body Fat
No tenable link between obesity and breast cancer type
No tenable link between diet and weight control and remission of type II diabetes
The J-curve relationship between BMI and mortality
Mortality risk for overweight and obese is no greater than for ‘normal’ when hypertension and diabetes are controlled for, (Anthony Jerant, Peter Franks. “Body Mass Index, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Short-Term Mortality: A Population-Based Observational Study, 2000–2006″ J Am Board Fam Med July-August 2012 vol. 25 no. 4 422-431)
Low-Calorie Diet Doesn’t Prolong Life (New York Times, August 29, 2012)
Shouldn’t Fat People Should Simply Eat Less and Move More?
In controlled settings people lose 10% of their weight on a diet, but one third to two thirds of the weight is regained within 1 year, and almost all is regained within 5 years. (“Methods for voluntary weight loss and control. NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel.” Ann Intern Med. 1992 Jun 1;116(11):942-9.)
The preponderance of evidence shows that diets don’t work
No weight loss intervention shown generally effective post 5 years
Fat people as a whole metabolically the same as lean people, except that they’re bigger
Eating and weight gain not necessarily linked, study shows
Evidence for a bodyweight setpoint (energy homeostasis)
Medicare’s search for effective obesity treatments: Diets are not the answer. (Mann, Traci; Tomiyama, A. Janet; Westling, Erika; Lew, Ann-Marie; Samuels, Barbra; Chatman, Jason. American Psychologist, Vol 62(3), Apr 2007, 220-233. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.3.220 ) (PDF)
Isn’t There An Obesity Epidemic?
Americans have only gained an average of 14 lbs (women) and 16 lbs (men) since 1990 (Gallup)
Obesity: An Overblown Epidemic
The 1998 BMI definition changes made 30 million Americans overweight or obese OVERNIGHT
The Myth of the Obesity “Tsunami”
One-third of American Adults are Obese, but Rate Slows
Yeah, But What About the Children? Isn’t Fat Killing Them?
Childhood famine (that includes dieting and starvation) increases risk of type 2 diabetes
Adolescents who engage in unhealthy weight-control behaviors such as dieting and binge eating are three times more likely five years later to be overweight than adolescents who did not engage in those behaviors
Isn’t Weight a Lifestyle Choice?
Obesity largely determined by genetics, says study
Obesity is 77% heritable
Thin parents pass on skinny genes to children (October 4, 2011, The Independent, UK)
Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Diabetes Care. 1991 Mar;14(3):173-94.
But Doesn’t the Idea that People are Different Sizes Though Consuming/Exercising the Same Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
In fact, in principle, the suggestion that a “calorie is a calorie” — all human metabolisms are the same Bunsen Burner — violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Isn’t there a Study that Disproves the Claim that You Can Be Fit and Fat?
That study is junk science. The preponderance of evidence shows that in fact, one can be fat and fit.
Is there Discrimination Against Fat People?
Brownell Obesity Discrimination Study (2001)
Health Professionals Specializing in Obesity Aren’t Immune from Weight-Bias
The surprising reason why being overweight isn’t healthy
Obesity bias based on disgust, study says (2010)
Isn’t Fat Unhealthy?
Weight Science: Evaluating the Evidence for a Paradigm Shift (Linda Bacon and Lucy Aphramor, Nutrition Journal 2011, 10:9, 24 January 2011)
Higher BMI can lower risk for Alzheimer’s
Metabolic syndrome associated with decelerated cognitive decline in the very elderly
The case against the Type II diabetes “epidemic” in kids
You can’t eat your way to diabetes
‘Obese’ BMI does not harm current health of young adults, study says
Obesity not always tied to higher heart risk (Reuters, May 24, 2012)
Shouldn’t Fat People Try to Diet Anyway?
Although long-term follow-up data are meager, the data that do exist suggest almost complete relapse after 3-5 yr. (Miller, W. C. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Aug;31(8):1129-34.)
In fact, size acceptance and health at every size may be a better approach to health than chronic dieting. (Bacon L, Stern JS, Van Loan MD, Keim NL. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Jun;105(6):929-36.)
Except that dieting can kill you, even when you’re fat and dieting down to a ‘normal’ weight.
And there are suggestions that frequent (intentional) weight loss diets reflect susceptibility to weight gain, rendering dieters prone to future weight gain. (August 9, 2011, K H Pietiläinen, S E Saarni, J Kaprio and A Rissanen. “Does dieting make you fat? A twin study” International Journal of Obesity | doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.160)
Healthy lifestyle habits are associated with a significant decrease in mortality regardless of baseline body mass index. (Eric M. Matheson, MS, MD, Dana E. King, MS, MD and Charles J. Everett, PhD. J Am Board Fam Med January-February 2012 vol. 25 no. 1 9-15)
And adolescents who engage in unhealthy weight-control behaviors such as dieting and binge eating are three times more likely five years later to be overweight than adolescents who did not engage in those behaviors.
There are even further suggestions suggest that for many adolescents, dieting to control weight is not only ineffective, it may actually promote weight gain. (Alison E. Field, ScD, S. B. Austin, ScD, C. B. Taylor, MD, Susan Malspeis, SM, Bernard Rosner, PhD, Helaine R. Rockett, RD, Matthew W. Gillman, MD, Graham A. Colditz, MD. “Relation Between Dieting and Weight Change Among Preadolescents and Adolescents” PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 No. 4 October 1, 2003 pp. 900 -906)
Weight Regain Following Sustained Weight Reduction is Predicted by Relative Insulin Sensitivity, Trudy J. Yost, Dalan R. Jensen, Dr. Robert H. Eckel*, Obesity Research, Volume 3, Issue 6, pages 583–587, November 1995
But Aren’t Food Deserts/Lack of Access/Poor Choices/Lack of Time Making Poor People Fatter?
Studies question the pairing of food deserts and obesity (Gina Kolata, The New York Times, April 17, 2012)
General Sites Debunking the Junk Science About Obesity
Big Fat Lies
General Science
The Problem With Peer Review
When the population approach to prevention puts the health of individuals at risk
Food Science
Canned foods are as nutritious as fresh foods
Evidence for the Moral Panic
ADOPTION AND FERTILITY
Australian woman told she was too fat to adopt (January 2003, The Age, Australia)
In the UK, fat women can’t adopt (June 2006)
Kylie Lannigan told she was ‘too fat to adopt’ (June 2007, Australia)
Gary Stocklaufer denied adoption request because he was fat (July 2007, United States)
New Zealand bans fat woman from entering the country (November 2007, Big Fat Blog, NZ)
Obese women not allowed to get IVF treatments (December 2008, BBC News, UK)
Charlotte and Damien Hall denied for adoption because of their BMI (January 2009, The Guardian, UK)
CHILD ABUSE
Couple accused of starving baby so she doesn’t get fat (January 28, 2010, Fox News, USA)
Grandad arrested over Grand Canyon hike (September 2, 2011, The Age, Australia)
Parents allegedly starved baby because of obesity concerns (November 8, 2011, ABC News, USA)
Grandmother to face capital charges in granddaughter’s death (March 1, 2012, CBS News, USA)
CHILD REMOVAL
Oz parents to be held responsible for their kid’s obesity (February 2, 2009, The Indian Express, India)
Parents of fat children told they may be put up for adoption (September 5, 2011, Mirror News, UK/Scotland)
Ohio puts 200-lb third grader into foster care (November 27, 2011, MSNBC, USA)
‘Obese’ 5 year old taken from parents (December 5, 2011, iOL News, UK)
DEMONIZATION OF FAT PARENTS, AND PARENTS OF FAT CHILDREN
Is childhood obesity a symptom of neglect? (July 16, 2010, TIME Magazine, USA)
Study: Children are likely to become overweight by mimicking behaviors of obese parents NOTE: The study did not in fact show that children become overweight by mimicking the behaviors of fat parents, despite that scare-headline. It just showed that fat parents are much more likely to have fat children — which makes sense, given body weight is 77% heritable (July 13, 2009, NYDailyNews, USA)
MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE
Doctors’ ultimatum to kidney transplant wife: Lose 42lb in nine months or watch your husband die (March 2009, Daily Mail, UK – h/t richie79)
TAXATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Fat people should have their food taxed to ‘pay for healthcare’
Don’t operate on smokers and the obese, says NHS Health Secretary (February 2007, Daily Mail, UK)
City government promotes lie to motivate weight loss via fear; anti-obesity agenda is to blame
The 1998 BMI definition changes made 30 million Americans overweight or obese OVERNIGHT
Obesity bias based on disgust, study says (2010)
Global governments must get ‘tough on obesity,’ in which the commentariat helpfully suggests plus-size clothing be ‘prescription-only,’ amongst other astoundingly panicked and bigoted replies (August 25, 2011, BBC Health, UK)
TRANSPORTATION
Southwest, Sizism, and Institutionalized Oppression (Athia, YouTube, August 2011)
On Kevin Smith and Flying Fat (BigLiberty, February 15, 2010)
WORK AND EMPLOYMENT
Obesity can mean less pay
Libertarian/Anarcho-capitalist Arguments Against the Obesity Moral Panic
The freedom to be fat
The new obesity pandemic, as same as the old obesity pandemic
The assault on food
Public health and the tyranny of the common good
Are food trucks really like child molesters?
Is Your Flab Imposing a Burden on Society? (May 1, 2012)
friendly reminder that you didn’t waste your year. any moments of happiness or comfort, any small accomplishments, they all matter. this has been a really hard year, and simply surviving is something to be proud of.
it’s that time of year again, and i just wanted to share some things that are constantly on my mind because of the work i do (that many of you may not know of, because i am nothing if not a closed book).
as of 2020, the diet industry—which profits off creating insecurities in people and then selling them the “solution”—is worth 288.25 billion dollars. one of its main strategies is to create plans that are designed to fail to keep people coming back, and paying again, all the while blaming the individual for their “lack of willpower”.
to date, there has been no study that has shown that significant weight loss is sustainable long term (>5 years). there is, however, a plethora of evidence that healthful behaviors increase longevity and quality of life irrespective of weight.
the bmi is racist and eugenicist, created by a man who was a mathematician, astronomer, and sociologist—note the lack of a medical qualification. every few years, insurance companies change the numbers so more people will fit into the “overweight” category and are forced to pay more for their health care.
hating your body doesn’t improve your life, but it does put an exorbitant amount of money in the pockets of people who profit off your misery.
you don’t need to put “losing weight” on your new year’s resolution list. you don’t ever need to lose weight. your value as a human being doesn’t decrease the higher your weight is. there is no weight at which someone is no longer a person, no longer deserving of basic rights, respect, love, care, and a full and happy life.
health is not a moral obligation, nor is it realistically attainable for many people. you are no lesser if physical health is not on your priority list. you are allowed, for the rest of your life, to prioritize other things, whether that’s mental health, a career, or hedonism. none of that makes someone bad, stupid, or unworthy.
2020 has been hard enough, and there is no guarantee the future won’t be just as hard, or even harder. you don’t need to add self-loathing to that.
the kindness we want the world to have more of has got to extend to yourself, too.
happy new year. 🤍
Just beautiful 😘🥰
You are important. Your thoughts and feelings are important. You don't need to be thin to be important. It's ok to be fat!
I make this babe today😍
So cute My baby 😍
Next draw only 84 years later 😂😂
💛💛💛💛💛
(My painting is not that good, sorry for that.I am still learning how to paint properly 😁)
Ugh that post has gotten me thinking about fat acceptance in a way I haven’t in years. I’ve read more studies about weight and health than probably any other topic I’ve ever researched. And every time I see someone wail about health I am just like
Did you know that in post-mortem examinations there is zero correlation between weight and levels of arteriosclerosis and related diseases found?
Did you know that people with an overweight BMI have the longest life expectancy, that those with an “ideal” and an “obese” have about the same life expectancy, and that being “underweight” raises mortality rates more than being “morbidly obese”?
Did you know that losing weight and then gaining it back is worse for your heart than remaining at the weight you started consistently?
Did you know that 95% of people who lose weight do gain it back, and there has never been a single documented weight loss program that has been demonstrated to keep the weight off for five years or more in the majority or even a significant minority of people? Like, telling people to lose weight isn’t much use if we don’t know HOW to make that happen.
Like I have read The Obesity Myth by Paul Campos and Rethinking Thin by Gina Kolata and Big Fat Lies by Glenn A Gaesser (Ph.D!) And Fat!So? and several other books that I don’t own and so don’t remember all of their names I spent like four years reading every single study coming out and looking at the methodology and noting which ones had huge holes or terrible methods and which didn’t (the holes were almost always in the pro-weight-loss studies) and like
Big Fat Lies has 27 pages of bibliography. 27 pages worth of scientific citation. The book content itself is only 197 pages. That’s a page of references for every 7 pages of book. Reading the book is just reference after reference and study after study. Most of these doctors (like Linda Bacon, author of Health at Every Size) started out the same way. They wanted to use the scientific method to find a real weight loss program or health solution that worked and could be proven to work, and so studied everything they could about weight and fitness only to find out that we didn’t need weight loss in the first place. That all the studies calling for it were lacking or nonexistent. That weight and underlying metabolic health have very little relation. That the history of our relationship with health and obesity has little basis in fact and a LOT of basis in capitalism, politics, and fashion. No, really, the association between weight and health was first proposed by insurance companies looking for ways to charge people more by claiming risk. They also charged tall and short people more. And people with different skin colors. When they got in trouble for charging people for things they had no control over and had no bearing on their health, they set out to prove that weight was controllable and that fat was unhealthy to make money.
These are also a lot of the same people who went on to invent the President’s fitness program, so if you went to public school you probably already hate them.
Anyway, if you want a place to start reading about the issue, this article is a pretty good launching pad.
Still thinking about the fact that the main character of my novel-in-progress is fat, and when I wrote a throwaway line with a brief mention of him working out, multiple women in one of my writing groups complained, “But I thought he was overweight.”
Hello????? Enough with the myth that fat people are all sedentary! I’ve seen fat ballerinas, fat strongmen, fat baseball players, fat martial artists, and more. I have personally dated strong, active fat men.
I’ve also dated people of various body types who didn’t work out. Guess what?? Not only would you be unable to guess which of my exes worked out and which didn’t based on their body types, it never fucking mattered. Whether they worked out or not, it changed nothing about their character, our relationship, or how much I cared about them.
Words like “fat” and “thin” are just neutral descriptors of a person’s appearance–they don’t dictate one’s health, beauty, morality, capacity to love and be loved, or anything else. And for the record? Not only does my fat MC work out in my book, he also gets the girl who is chased by many, and when he expresses his self-consciousness about his body, she’s shocked that he doesn’t realize how sexy he is and how much she wants him. I’ve had the exact same conversation IRL with people I’ve dated–people who were so blinded by our fatphobic society that they didn’t realize how much I adored every part of them, inside and out. People who didn’t realize that I truly didn’t give a shit how much they weighed, I just wanted them.
Of course, my opinion can’t change someone else’s self-perception, because self-confidence isn’t something a person simply hands to you. Nor should outside approval ever matter more than your own self-acceptance (that being said, if someone who claims to care about you is preoccupied with your physical appearance, their opinions matter in that their opinions make them assholes and you should ditch ‘em. You are SO much more than your physical form).
But it’s devastating to see someone who means the world to you accept less of your love than they deserve, purely because of their weight. As if the shape of their body could ever change the shape of their soul.
So, yeah. FUCK anyone who thinks any given fat person can’t be just as attractive, smart, funny, kind, hard-working, desirable, charismatic, and successful as any given thin person. FUCK the myth that fat people don’t work out, and more importantly, FUCK any misconception that your level of exercise has any bearing on who you are as a person. FUCK the fact that protagonists in media are virtually always thin when fat people equally deserve compassionate, balanced representation. And of course, as always,
-’*~ fuck fatphobia ~*’-
-Mod Lia
💲🤑💲
This is the Lucky Ace. Reblog to recieve a wad of cash that is oddly specific to your current needs.
okay I’m making a post about fatphobia because it’s real fucked up how this exists in most people, ive even had trouble with it myself and I am fat lmao. Fat people are not bad. Fat people are not always unhealthy (just like how thin people aren’t always healthy). Fat people feel love and pain and happiness and anger. Fat people deserve to be loved and treated respectfully. Fat people are NOT a kink. Fat people are to be taken seriously. Fat people are sweet, kind, hilarious, smart, etc. fat people are beautiful. Fat people take up more space than thin people, and they deserve that space without being ridiculed. Fat people have tummies and back rolls and big thighs and double chins, and they are ALLOWED to have those.
Diet companies will be hitting hard this year. Be prepared to hear repeated sentiments of “It’s time to get rid of that Quarantine 15” and “In these hard times, commit to taking care of yourself with healthy living and weight loss.”
This rhetoric is going to be everywhere. And due to the nature of modern advertising, the vast majority of it will be coming from people online who just look like they’re trying to share some good advice with the followers that they love so much. You’ll barely be able to see the money getting thrown at them from the weight loss industry.
Don’t reward them for using these manipulation techniques - Buying their products and losing weight isn’t going to make your year any better, or erase the stress of the pandemic, or be the first step in self-care.
Please please please see these ads for what they are - A way of preying on your insecurity and trauma in order to make money.
CW: detailed descriptions of fatphobia and eating disorders
Pretty good Ted Talk on fatphobic experiences. On a side note, she at one point says weight loss isn't impossible when it actually is impossible longterm, especially with a condition like PCOS.
💛
🙏🏻
good things will happen 🧿
things that are meant to be will fall into place 🧿
🤣❤ 💅🏻😘
got bored so screenshot the gif to find out Loki’s reaction when he first saw you
THROUGH A RAPIST’S EYES” (PLS TAKE TIME TO READ THIS. It may save a life, It may save your life.)
An Article from Neena Susan Thomas
“Through a rapist’s eyes. A group of rapists and date rapists in prison were interview…ed on what they look for in a potential victim and here are some interesting facts:
1] The first thing men look for in a potential victim is hairstyle. They are most likely to go after a woman with a ponytail, bun! , braid, or other hairstyle that can easily be grabbed. They are also likely to go after a woman with long hair. Women with short hair are not common targets.
2] The second thing men look for is clothing. They will look for women who’s clothing is easy to remove quickly. Many of them carry scissors around to cut clothing.
3] They also look for women using their cell phone, searching through their purse or doing other activities while walking because they are off guard and can be easily overpowered.
4] The number one place women are abducted from / attacked at is grocery store parking lots.
5] Number two is office parking lots/garages.
6] Number three is public restrooms.
7] The thing about these men is that they are looking to grab a woman and quickly move her to a second location where they don’t have to worry about getting caught.
8] If you put up any kind of a fight at all, they get discouraged because it only takes a minute or two for them to realize that going after you isn’t worth it because it will be time-consuming.
9] These men said they would not pick on women who have umbrellas,or other similar objects that can be used from a distance, in their hands.
10] Keys are not a deterrent because you have to get really close to the attacker to use them as a weapon. So, the idea is to convince these guys you’re not worth it.
POINTS THAT WE SHOULD REMEMBER:
1] If someone is following behind you on a street or in a garage or with you in an elevator or stairwell, look them in the face and ask them a question, like what time is it, or make general small talk: can’t believe it is so cold out here, we’re in for a bad winter. Now that you’ve seen their faces and could identify them in a line- up, you lose appeal as a target.
2] If someone is coming toward you, hold out your hands in front of you and yell Stop or Stay back! Most of the rapists this man talked to said they’d leave a woman alone if she yelled or showed that she would not be afraid to fight back. Again, they are looking for an EASY target.
3] If you carry pepper spray (this instructor was a huge advocate of it and carries it with him wherever he goes,) yelling I HAVE PEPPER SPRAY and holding it out will be a deterrent.
4] If someone grabs you, you can’t beat them with strength but you can do it by outsmarting them. If you are grabbed around the waist from behind, pinch the attacker either under the arm between the elbow and armpit or in the upper inner thigh – HARD. One woman in a class this guy taught told him she used the underarm pinch on a guy who was trying to date rape her and was so upset she broke through the skin and tore out muscle strands the guy needed stitches. Try pinching yourself in those places as hard as you can stand it; it really hurts.
5] After the initial hit, always go for the groin. I know from a particularly unfortunate experience that if you slap a guy’s parts it is extremely painful. You might think that you’ll anger the guy and make him want to hurt you more, but the thing these rapists told our instructor is that they want a woman who will not cause him a lot of trouble. Start causing trouble, and he’s out of there.
6] When the guy puts his hands up to you, grab his first two fingers and bend them back as far as possible with as much pressure pushing down on them as possible. The instructor did it to me without using much pressure, and I ended up on my knees and both knuckles cracked audibly.
7] Of course the things we always hear still apply. Always be aware of your surroundings, take someone with you if you can and if you see any odd behavior, don’t dismiss it, go with your instincts. You may feel little silly at the time, but you’d feel much worse if the guy really was trouble.
FINALLY, PLEASE REMEMBER THESE AS WELL ….
1. Tip from Tae Kwon Do: The elbow is the strongest point on your body. If you are close enough to use it, do it.
2. Learned this from a tourist guide to New Orleans : if a robber asks for your wallet and/or purse, DO NOT HAND IT TO HIM. Toss it away from you…. chances are that he is more interested in your wallet and/or purse than you and he will go for the wallet/purse. RUN LIKE MAD IN THE OTHER DIRECTION!
3. If you are ever thrown into the trunk of a car: Kick out the back tail lights and stick your arm out the hole and start waving like crazy. The driver won’t see you but everybody else will. This has saved lives.
4. Women have a tendency to get into their cars after shopping,eating, working, etc., and just sit (doing their checkbook, or making a list, etc. DON’T DO THIS! The predator will be watching you, and this is the perfect opportunity for him to get in on the passenger side,put a gun to your head, and tell you where to go. AS SOON AS YOU CLOSE the DOORS , LEAVE.
5. A few notes about getting into your car in a parking lot, or parking garage:
a. Be aware: look around your car as someone may be hiding at the passenger side , peek into your car, inside the passenger side floor, and in the back seat. ( DO THIS TOO BEFORE RIDING A TAXI CAB) .
b. If you are parked next to a big van, enter your car from the passenger door. Most serial killers attack their victims by pulling them into their vans while the women are attempting to get into their cars.
c. Look at the car parked on the driver’s side of your vehicle, and the passenger side. If a male is sitting alone in the seat nearest your car, you may want to walk back into the mall, or work, and get a guard/policeman to walk you back out. IT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO BE SAFE THAN SORRY. (And better paranoid than dead.)
6. ALWAYS take the elevator instead of the stairs. (Stairwells are horrible places to be alone and the perfect crime spot).
7. If the predator has a gun and you are not under his control, ALWAYS RUN! The predator will only hit you (a running target) 4 in 100 times; And even then, it most likely WILL NOT be a vital organ. RUN!
8. As women, we are always trying to be sympathetic: STOP IT! It may get you raped, or killed. Ted Bundy, the serial killer, was a good-looking, well educated man, who ALWAYS played on the sympathies of unsuspecting women. He walked with a cane, or a limp, and often asked “for help” into his vehicle or with his vehicle, which is when he abducted his next victim.
Send this to any woman you know that may need to be reminded that the world we live in has a lot of crazies in it and it’s better safe than sorry.
If u have compassion reblog this post. ‘Helping hands are better than Praying Lips’ – give us your helping hand.
REBLOG THIS AND LET EVERY GIRL KNOW AT LEAST PEOPLE WILL KNOW WHATS GOING ON IN THIS WORLD. So please reblog this….Your one reblog can Help to spread this information.
THIS COULD ACTUALLY SAVE A LIFE.”
😍🥰
❤