he/him | I post random stuff, whatever has to do with my hyperfixations | Current hyperfixations: mycology and marine biology.
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Candy Apple Bolete - Exsudoporus Frostii
Candy apple bolete - Exsudoporus frostii
I made this post in response to this poll.
Fruitbody
The cap is 3.5 ¹ to 15 ² centimetres across and initially convex shaped, later becoming broadly convex. The bright red, bald cap is sticky when fresh and its margin is often pale yellow and overhanging slightly.¹
The pore surface is dark red, becoming dirty brownish red and sometimes becoming faintly yellowish near stem and cap margin. The underside of the cap has 2 to 3 circular pores per millimetre at maturity, these tubes are up to 1 centimetre deep.¹ In young specimens yellow droplets can be seen leaking from the pores.³
The stipe is 4 ¹ to 12 ² centimetres long and 1 to 1.5 centimetres thick. It is coarsely reticulate overall with a red reticulum, yellow underneath the red. The basal mycelium is whitish.¹
The flesh is whitish to pale yellow overall and red in the stipe base, turning pale blue when sliced.¹
Microscopic features and spore print
The spores (seen below) are 13–22 x 4–5 µm, fusoid and smooth. The hymenial cystidia are about 40 x 10 µm, fusiform or lageniform, smooth, thin-walled and hyaline in KOH.¹
The spore print is olive brown.¹
Ecology
This species is mycorrhizal with oaks and other hardwoods, growing alone, scattered, or gregariously. It can be found in summer and fall.¹
Distribution
It is widely distributed in Eastern North America, Southwest America, Mexico, and Central America.¹
References:
1.
2.
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Mutuals
@squidsandthings
@fungus-gnats
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn
@writingraccoon
@edukincon
@emmakapla
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More Posts from Theprinceofmycologia
Fossil Shark Teeth ID Project - Part 2
I am currently working on a shark teeth ID project. It is a personal project I am working on because I got gifted a multitude of fossil shark teeth of various species.
Up untill now I have only been able to identify one shark species, because the teeth are so characteristic. The teeth (seen in the picture below) belong to the species the Broadnose Sevengill Shark or Notorynchus cepedianus.
The Broadnose Sevengill Shark belongs to the family of Cow Sharks or Hexanchidae, which are considered the most primitive of sharks.
I actually just recently watched a documentary covering Broadnose Sevengill Sharks with Forrest Galante. It was called 'Alien Sharks: Strange New Worlds', it was from Sharkweek 2023 and it was really good!
I also have two different teeth which I am having a lot more difficulties with identifying (see the two pictures below). If anyone has any clue of which species these teeth may belong to, please let me know:)
Ghost pipe - Monotropa uniflora
I made this post about Monotropa uniflora to kick off the spooky season! While this post is not about a type of fungus, I could not resist writing about it. Besides its ghostly (lack of) colour, its dried out seed heads also look akin to pumpkins, which is just awesome!
Monotropa uniflora or ghost pipe does not contain chlorophyll (which gives most plants a green colour) and forms symbiotic relationships with fungi.
Description
The plant is waxy white with some black flecks, but some specimens have been described as having a pale pink colour and verey rarely having a deep red colour. The white variants have black flecks on their stems.
The ghost pipe ranges in height from 5 to 30 centimeters, sheathed with highly reduced leaves 5 to 10 millimetres long, which look akin to scales. These structures are small, thin, translucent and do not have petioles but instead extend in out of the stem.
The stem bears a single flower, which is 10 to 20 millimetres long, with 3 to 8 translucent petals, 10 to 12 stamens and a single pistil. The fruit, an oval capsule-like structure, grows and becomes upright when the seeds mature. After reaching maturity the stem and capsule look dark brown or black with a brittle texture.
The seeds of M. uniflora are small, ranging between 0.6 to 0.8 millimetres long. Once the plant has been pollinated, the seeds are pushed through the petals in a tiny slit and dispersed by the wind.
Unlike most plants, it is white and does not contain chlorophyll. Instead of generating food using the energy from sunlight a.k.a photosynthesizing, it is parasitic, and more specifically a mycoheterotroph. Most fungi are mycorrhizal and through the fungal web of mycorrhizae, M. uniflora roots ultimately tap food from where the host fungi are connected to the photosynthetic trees. The roots of this plant are covered in hairs called cystidia, which allow easy attachment to fungi hyphae. Its hosts are in the Russulaceae family.
Distribution and genetics
M. uniflora is found in three general distribution areas: Asia, North America, and Central and northern South America. DNA analysis has shown that these three populations are genetically distinct from one another. The species has 48 chromosomes.
Ecology
M. uniflora as a mycoheterotrophic plant asscociates with a small range of fungal hosts, all of them members of Russulaceae. It is often found growing neer beech trees in clumps of two or more with its fungal source nearby. Since it is not dependent on sunlight to grow, it can grow in very dark environments like in the understory of dense forests.
It flowers from early summer to early autumn, often a few days after rainfall.
The flowers of the ghost pipe are frequented by various species of bees and flies, most commonly bumblebees. By crawling into the flower for pollen, bumblebees play a role as an important pollen dispersal agent.
References:
1.
2.
https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/beauty/mycotrophic/monotropa_uniflora.shtml
Images:
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Mutuals
@squidsandthings
@fungus-gnats
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn
@writingraccoon
@edukincon
@emmakapla
Black elfin saddle - Helvella lacunosa
Another post for the spooky season . . . the black elfin saddle's chambered stipe gives it a skeletal and a somewhat spooky appearance. It might be found in burnt or disturbed grounds.
Fruitbody
The cap is 2 to 4 centimetres across and about 4 to 10 centimetres high.¹ The saddle-shaped cap is irregularly lobed and convoluted, attached to the stipe in several places and has a black to dark brown colour.² It is the smooth outer surface of the cap that bears spores, while the inner surface is sterile.¹
The stipe is 1.5 to 4 centimeters long and 5 to 15 millimetres thick. It might have a whitish colour when young, but soon turns a gray to dark gray colour. The stipe is deeply and ornately ribbed and pocketed, the ribs are rounded, or sometimes sharp and double-edged.²
The flesh of the fruitbody is thin, brittle and chambered.²
Microscopic features
The asci (seen on the bottom left) are typically 340 μm long x 16 μm diameter, each ascus contains eight spores. The paraphyses are about 5 μm diameter, cylindrical¹ and hyaline.² Some paraphyses have capitata apices.¹
The spores (seen on the bottom right) are smooth², ellipsoidal, 15 - 19 x 10 - 13 μm and hyaline. The spore print is white.¹
Ecology
Black elfin saddles can typically be found among leaf litter in all types of woodland, they are often found on burnt ground or in otherwise disturbed woodland clearings.¹ The species is probably mycorrhizal, growing alone, scattered or gregariously.² Helvella lacunosa grows between summer and autumn.¹
Distribution
This species can be found throughout Britain and the throughout the mainland of Europe, it can also be found in North America.¹
Note: the links to the images are in the image discription.
References
1.
2.
Mutuals
@squidsandthings
@fungus-gnats
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn
@writingraccoon
@edukincon
@emmakapla
Beefsteak mushroom - Fistulina hepatica
Which slasher got to this mushroom? Michael Myers? Ghostface?
Fruitbody
The cap is 7 to 20 centimetres across and 7 to 14 centimetres deep, it is irregularly shaped but often semicircular, fan-shaped, or tongue-like, with a lobed and wavy margin. The surface is wet and sticky when fresh, finely bumpy and bald. The cap has a liver red, reddish orange, or brownish red colour.¹
The pore surface is white to pale pinkish in colour, becoming yellowish and eventually reddish brown in age, bruising brown. The tubes are up to 1.5 centimetres long and distinctly separated with circular mouths.¹ This is unlike most polypores in which the pores are bonded together.²
The stipe is absent, or rudimentary and lateral. It is colored like the cap above, covered with the pore surface and firm in texture.¹
The flesh is whitish, streaked with reddish areas. It has a thick, soft and watery texture, exuding a reddish juice when squeezed.¹
Microscopic features and spore print.
The spores (seen below) are ovoid, smooth and about 4.5-6 x 3-4µm.² The spores are also hyaline to yellowish in KOH. The basiadia are 4-sterigmate, the hyphal system is monomitic and clamp connections are present.¹
The spore print is pale pinkish to yellow in colour.²
Ecology
This species saprobic and sometimes weakly parasitic on the wood and deadwood of oaks and other hardwoods, causing a brown rot. Fistulina hepatica is annual, growing from summer to fall. It grows alone or in small groups near the bases of trees and on stumps.¹
Distribution
It is widespread throughout Britain and Ireland and is found throughout the mainland of Europe and is widely distributed throughout North America.²
Note: the links to the images are in the image discription.
References
1.
2.
Mutuals
@squidsandthings
@fungus-gnats
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn
@writingraccoon
@edukincon
@emmakapla
I'm obsessing over this song! I only started listening to King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard yesterday, but it's awesome!