Refrence - Tumblr Posts

i made a tutorial on how to draw beach water or somthing idk

Strange looking clouds formation phenomena #2

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I've been thinking about this for a while, but how effective is full plate armour? Was it actually a good way to defend yourself?

Short Answer: Yes. 

Here’s a general rule: People in the past were ignorant about a lot of things, but they weren’t stupid. If they used something, chances are they had a good reason. There are exceptions, but plate armor is not one of them. 

Long Answer: 

For a type of armor, no matter what it is, to be considered effective, it has to meet three criteria. 

The three criteria are: Economic Efficiency, Protectiveness, and Mobility.

1. Is it Economically Efficient? 

Because of the nature of society in the Middle Ages, what with equipment being largely bring-it-yourself when it came to anybody besides arrowfodder infantry who’d been given one week of training, economic efficiency was a problem for the first couple of decades after plate armor was introduced in France in the 1360s. It wasn’t easy to make, and there wasn’t really a ‘science’ to it yet, so only the wealthiest of French soldiers, meaning knights and above, had it; unless of course somebody stole it off a dead French noble. The Hundred Years War was in full swing at the time, and the French were losing badly to the English and their powerful longbows, so there were plenty of dead French nobles and knights to go around. That plate armor was not very economically efficient for you unless you were a rich man, though, it also was not exactly what we would call “full” plate armor. 

Above: Early plate armor, like that used by knights and above during the later 1300s and early 1400s. 

Above: Two examples of what most people mean when they say “full” plate armor, which would have been seen in the mid to late 1400s and early 1500s.

Disclaimer: These are just examples. No two suits of armor were the same because they weren’t mass-produced, and there was not really a year when everybody decided to all switch to the next evolution of plate armor. In fact it would not be improbably to see all three of these suits on the same battlefield, as expensive armor was often passed down from father to son and used for many decades. 

Just like any new technology, however, as production methods improved, the product got cheaper. 

Above: The Battle of Barnet, 1471, in which everybody had plate armor because it’s affordable by then. 

So if we’re talking about the mid to late 1400s, which is when our modern image of the “knight in shining armor” sort of comes from, then yes, “full” plate armor is economically efficient. It still wasn’t cheap, but neither are modern day cars, and yet they’re everywhere. Also similar to cars, plate armor is durable enough to be passed down in families for generations, and after the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, there was a lot of used military equipment on sale for cheap. 

2. Is it Protective? 

This is a hard question to answer, particularly because no armor is perfect, and as soon as a new, seemingly ‘perfect’ type of armor appears, weapons and techniques adapt to kill the wearer anyway, and the other way around. Early plate armor was invented as a response to the extreme armor-piercing ability of the English longbow, the armor-piercing ability of a new kind of crossbow, and advancements in arrowhead technology. 

Above: The old kind of arrowhead, ineffective against most armor. 

Above: The new kind of arrowhead, very effective at piercing chainmaille and able to pierce plate armor if launched with enough power. 

Above: An arrow shot from a “short” bow with the armor-piercing tip(I think it’s called a bodkin tip) piercing a shirt of chainmaille. However, the target likely would have survived since soldiers wore protective layers of padding underneath their armor, so if the arrow penetrated skin at all, it wasn’t deep. That’s Terry Jones in the background. 

Above: A crossbow bolt with the armor piercing tip penetrating deep through the same shirt of chainmaille. The target would likely not survive. 

Above: A crossbow bolt from the same crossbow glancing off a breastplate, demonstrating that it was in fact an improvement over wearing just chainmaille. 

Unfortunately it didn’t help at all against the powerful English longbows at close range, but credit to the French for trying. It did at least help against weaker bows. 

Now for melee weapons. 

It didn’t take long for weapons to evolve to fight this new armor, but rarely was it by way of piercing through it. It was really more so that the same weapons were now being used in new ways to get around the armor. 

Above: It’s a popular myth that Medieval swords were dull, but they still couldn’t cut through plate armor, nor could they thrust through it. Your weapon would break before the armor would. Most straight swords could, however, thrust through chainmaille and anything weaker. 

There were three general answers to this problem: 

1. Be more precise, and thrust through the weak points. 

Above: The weak points of a suit of armor. Most of these points would have been covered by chainmaille, leather, thick cloth, or all three, but a sword can thrust through all three so it doesn’t matter. 

To achieve the kind of thrusting accuracy needed to penetrate these small gaps, knights would often grip the blade of their sword with one hand and keep the other hand on the grip. This technique was called “half-swording”, and you could lose a finger if you don’t do it right, so don’t try it at home unless you have a thick leather glove to protect you, as most knights did, but it can also be done bare-handed. 

Above: Examples of half-swording. 

2. Just hit the armor so fucking hard that the force carries through and potentially breaks bones underneath. 

Specialty weapons were made for this, but we’ll get to them in a minute. For now I’m still focusing on swords because I like how versatile the European longsword is. 

Above: A longsword. They’re made for two-handed use, but they’re light enough to be used effectively in one hand if you’d like to have a shield or your other arm has been injured. Longswords are typically about 75% of the height of their wielders.

Assuming you’re holding the sword pointing towards the sky, the part just above the grip is called the crossguard, and the part just below the grip is called the pommel. If you hold the sword upside-down by the blade, using the same careful gripping techniques as with half-swording, you can strike with either the crossguard or the pommel, effectively turning the sword into a warhammer. This technique was called the Murder Stroke, and direct hits could easily dent plate armor, and leave the man inside bruised, concussed, or with a broken bone. 

Above: The Murder Stroke as seen in a Medieval swordfighting manual.

Regular maces, hammers, and other blunt weapons were equally effective if you could get a hard enough hit in without leaving yourself open, but they all suffered from part of the plate armor’s intelligent design. Nearly every part of it was smooth and/or rounded, meaning that it’s very easy for blows to ‘slide’ off, which wastes a lot of their power. This makes it very hard to get a ‘direct’ hit. 

Here come the specialized weapons to save the day. 

Above: A lucerne, or claw hammer. It’s just one of the specialized weapons, but it encompasses all their shared traits so I’m going to only list it. 

These could be one-handed, two-handed, or long polearms, but the general idea was the same. Either crack bones beneath armor with the left part, or penetrate plate armor with the right part. The left part has four ‘prongs’ so that it can ‘grip’ smooth plate armor and keep its force when it hits without glancing off. On the right side it as a super sturdy ‘pick’, which is about the only thing that can penetrate the plate armor itself. On top it has a sharp tip that’s useful for fighting more lightly armored opponents. 

3. Force them to the ground and stab them through the visor with a dagger. 

This one is pretty self-explanatory. Many conflicts between two armored knights would turn into a wrestling match. Whoever could get the other on the ground had a huge advantage, and could finish his opponent, or force him to surrender, with a dagger. 

By now you might be thinking “Dang, full plate armor has a lot of weaknesses, so how can it be called good armor?” 

The answer is because, like all armor is supposed to do, it minimizes your target area. If armor is such that your enemy either needs to risk cutting their fingers to target extremely small weak points, bring a specialized weapons designed specifically for your armor, or wrestle you to the ground to defeat you, that’s some damn good armor. So yes, it will protect you pretty well.

Above: The red areas represent the weak points of a man not wearing armor.

Also, before I move on to Mobility, I’m going to talk briefly about a pet-peeve of mine: Boob-plates. 

If you’re writing a fantasy book, movie, or video game, and you want it to be realistically themed, don’t give the women boob-shaped armor. It wasn’t done historically even in the few cases when women wore plate armor, and that’s because it isn’t as protective as a smooth, rounded breastplate like you see men wearing. A hit with any weapon between the two ‘boobs’ will hit with its full force rather than glancing off, and that’ll hurt. If you’re not going for a realistic feel, then do whatever you want. Just my advice. 

Above: Joan of Arc, wearing properly protective armor. 

An exception to this is in ancient times. Female gladiators sometimes wore boob-shaped armor because that was for entertainment and nobody cared if they lived or died. Same with male gladiators. There was also armor shaped like male chests in ancient times, but because men are more flat-chested than women, this caused less of a problem. Smooth, rounded breastplates are still superior, though. 

3. Does it allow the wearer to keep his or her freedom of movement? 

Okay, I’ve been writing this for like four hours, so thankfully this is the simplest question to answer. There’s a modern myth that plate armor weighed like 700 lbs, and that knights could barely move in it at all, but that isn’t true. On a suit of plate armor from the mid to late 1400s or early 1500s, all the joints are hinged in such a way that they don’t impede your movement very much at all. 

The whole suit, including every individual plate, the chainmaille underneath the plates, the thick cloth or leather underneath the chainmaille, and your clothes and underwear all together usually weighed about 45-55 lbs, and because the weight was distributed evenly across your whole body, you’d hardly feel the weight at all. Much heavier suits of armor that did effectively ‘lock’ the wearer in place did exist, but they never saw battlefield use. Instead, they were for showing off at parades and for jousting. Jousting armor was always heavier, thicker, and more stiffly jointed than battlefield armor because the knight only needed to move certain parts of his body, plus being thrown off a horse by a lance–even a wooden one that’s not meant to kill–has a very, very high risk of injury.

Here’s a bunch of .gifs of a guy demonstrating that you can move pretty freely in plate armor. 

Above: Can you move in it? Yes.

Here are links to the videos that I made these .gifs from: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vi757-7XD94

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhWFQtzM4r0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hlIUrd7d1Q

When you write, how do you do your descriptions? I write really great dialogue, but it's the things in between that I struggle with. Do you have any advice?

I usually try to imagine the scene as if I was there. I think the level of detail described in it shouldn’t be excessive, but clear enough to let the reader know where/when the scene is set and what kind of characters and animals live in that place.

Descriptions can also help with the dialogue: they can offer a good topic of conversation to the characters, trigger a chain of consequences, help show the inner thoughts of someone who is admiring the landscape. Try to use them to your advantage and describe what you most feel familiar with.

Even using the actions of the characters to add descriptions to the story is a good way to deal with them, like: “She sat on the edge of the large, creaking bed and traced with a finger the golden figures sewn on the blanket, following the story of a king hunting with his guards. She looked up, her eyes moving to the open window, and admired the last gold sewn into the sky.”

The characters are the ones who get to live in the scene, so try to use them to see the world through their eyes and describe it through them!

how would a smallish army win against a larger and much stronger group of superhumans that had brought about the end of the world

Tactics are everything in situations like this my friend. Things like: taking out a commander can make an army confused and thus defeatable, or fighting in a narrow passage can make the numerical advantage useless. Or maybe they have a weapon that directly contradicts the powers of the super humans or a weapon that the super humans are weak to.

Maybe brush up on your historical battles of smaller forces defeating larger ones to understand the basics of fighting a larger force.

Hope this helped!

Hi! I'm a first-time novelist, and I'm wondering if I need a copyeditor, someone to go through my novel and help me pick it apart, before I start trying to shop it to potential agents. (Which I have no idea how to go about doing, honestly. Most of the writers I know personally aren't willing to give me pointers.) I don't want to self-publish if I don't have to, but that option isn't off the table. (As I know it will have to be meticulous before I do that.) Any words of wisdom? Thanks!!

Alright so sending your novel to a copy editor is something that is recommended, but is not necessarily something you absolutely have to do. Some advantages you gain from sending it to a copyeditor is that the general style of your novel will become better and your story will therefore become more attractive to agents and/or publishers. The downside is that it can be quite expensive, especially for students or younger people in general who do not want to spend money on something that does not guarantee that you will get published. 

My advice here is see what your financial status is, if you have the money to send it to an editor than you can do it. If you do not than you can try to make it as optimal as you can do yourself before sending it to agents and/or publishers on your own. If you then get all negative replies than you still have the option to send it to an editor before trying again.

As for shopping for potential agents: try googeling around: search for agents that supported your favorite books, search for interviews, visit forums and see what they have to say, …

Hope this helped!

I think she's hungry....(Mitski reference)

Redemption slugterra Au official designs! Young will and Thaddius.

Sorry for the hold up once Again! Planning to draw something with demon slayer next! But I will keep doing my slugterra Au! So I’ve decided to come up with my own designs for these two, slightly, still the same, just with some extra details off the original since they are very different characters compared to the cannon! Well not too different but defiantly different mindsets and motivations for their story! (I also just wanted to give thaddius longer messy hair, even a small mullet because I feel like he would have one idk😭) I’m planning to make differences of my Au will and Blakk, and Eli, twist. (Maybe Eli and twist later) since thaddius and will have a lot more for their story changes.

I’m going to make a whole dive in to my Au will later in a post, his character, different backstory, motives, why he has his mindset, stuff he went through differently in this Au, stuff like that, then once finished with that, thaddius will be next, and I will show their adult official designs in those posts since I plan to change some things about their design and details for my Au! So this is a updated design for them! And Eli too a little bit.

So far now take these small info about My redemption Au!will and redemption Au! Blakk!(:

(Also redemption Au! Young thaddius’s hair is longer than will’s by the way-)

Young will Shane-

Clearly set on the Shane path, will does work hard but is held back by the stress and burden of being a Shane, sometimes the Shane legacy feels like a curse instead of a wonderful family line (will explain how the Shane family/Shane’s work in will’s Au story post) despite this, he keeps a happy face and has a bubbly personality, though he might be naive, he isn’t stupid, he only gets defensive and hostile when absolutely needed, and for thaddius, he didn’t think he needed because something was off about him, he felt like he needed to be there for thaddius, even if thaddius didn’t show it, it’s obvious will has a golden heart, and as well as being inspired and in awe by thaddius skill, while trying to figure out all this slug-slinging world, it isn’t any help that uncle jimmo isn’t as helpful now.

Young thaddius Blakk-

It’s confusing for anyone to know what thaddius wants, but it’s really simple if you see the way he acts, he wants to be left alone, and will isn’t any help with that, but that quickly changes for thaddius, will is the only exception, despite liking being alone and finds solitude comforting, wills presence is the only one he likes around once they become friends, going through his own troubles, he is very tough, more tougher than his cannon version, slightly, having the same level of slug-slinging, but surprisingly very good at physically combat hand to hand, tough fighter, but instead of wanting the same thing like his cannon version, being feared and the greatest slug-slinger, he wants to just be left alone, and to rot alone, since, what else does he have to live for? At least he has will Shane to make it less bearable for him.

Take that for now. (:

I re-did rebels ref babeyyy!!! I really really love how it looks- i think the style I’m using atm really suits bbieal ocs- plus its also so fun to use!! Hope u enjoy the new n improved rebel!!

Also if any of u r ever interested in seeing the art i commission for these characters, lmk!! I can totally link their ths :D

I was inspired to do this

Dont judge me

2019 is one step closer! So heres a new refrence of my OC!

Small comic of au @maryshift

It suit them perfectly, little goobers

Here is refrence image

Chara (stinker but in normal pijama)

Asriel (stinker)

Bro asked me for art request, so i did it, drew his monster and weapon for him

Stygian King

Stygian king (guy in black, have ears like crown)

Stalemate, Skipper (two bluish guys with hats)

Daisy (small rose like monster, King's pet)

Overview of some topics when it comes to drawing characters who are burn survivors.

DISCLAIMER. Please keep in mind that this is an introductory overview for drawing some burn scars and has a lot of generalizations in it, so not every “X is Z” statement will be true for Actual People. I'm calling this introductory because I hope to get people to actually do their own research before drawing disabled & visibly different characters rather than just making stuff up. Think of it as a starting point and take it with a grain of salt (especially if you have a very different art style from mine).

Talking about research and learning... don't make your burn survivor characters evil. Burn survivors are normal people and don't deserve to be constantly portrayed in such a way.

edit: apparently tum "queerest place on the internet" blr hates disabled people so much that this post got automatically filtered. cool!

These are a BUNCH of twili hcs that I’ve been formulating over the years! I only just got around to making my first artsy post about them! This is more about how the people of the twilight realm and how they’re formed. The next one might be more about their culture and style. Stay tuned for that!

Two cat guys practicing guitar in the desert, that’s all

One on the left is named Grill and the one on the right is named Jet

I found the reference image on Pinterest https://pin.it/Ww4rdcx or https://www.pinterest.com/pin/837528861981050645/

New Airis Ref Sheet

Really like how this turned out

Time: 6 hr's & 19 min's